Beer & Cider Flashcards
How does the malting process work?
Grains are steeped to germinate, allowed to sprout until one inch length producing amylase (starch into sugar), then roasted
What 2 sugars are produced when malting grains?
Maltose and Dextrin
Define Cask Ale
unpasteurized draught beer
What types of yeast produce lambic beers?
Brettanomyces bruxellensis
Brettanomyces Lambicus
Saccharomyces Cerivisae
Kolsch
(Cologne) - ale fermented as a lager
EXAMPLES: Fruh, Reissdorf, Dom, Krankshaft (Metropolitan), Sierra Nevada
Pilsner
bottom-fermented, cold conditioned sometimes for several months
EXAMPLES: Pilsner Urquell, Budvar, Beck’s, Bitburger, Stiegl, Lapin Kulta (Lapland - Finland)
Saison
light colored summer beer
bottle conditioned, yeast character with high carbonation, might have spices
from Hanau province in Belgium
EXAMPLES: Dupont (Belge), Ommegang Hennepin (NY), Allagash, BFM (SUISSE - Brasserie Franche Montagnes)
Weissbeer
min. 50% wheat (German law) up to 60%
cloudy
clove and banana flavor
EXAMPLES: Schneider Weisse, Maisel’s Weisse, Weihenstephaner, Schlafly
SERVICE :
“Schwenk” the yeast in the bottom of the bottle and pour it on top of the foam
Witbier
usually 40% unmalted wheat with coriander and orange peel
EXAMPLES: Hoegaarden (Belge), Allagash White, Blanche de Chambly (Unibroue), Hitachino Nest White Ale (Japan), Avery White Rascal (Boulder, CO)
Geuze
mix of 1 year and 2-3 year old lambics, refermented with aged hops [finishes in the bottle]
EXAMPLES: Hanssens, Girardin, Boon, Cantillon, Lindemann’s
Farro lambic
lambic brewed with lighter beer and candy sugar
EXAMPLES:
Lindeman’s,
Girardin,
3 Fonteinen
Kriek lambic
refermented with sour morello cherries
EXAMPLES: Cantillon, Lindemann’s
Mars lambic
mild lambic brewed with used malt, fermented in bottle
EXAMPLES: Lindeman’s, Girardin, 3 Fonteinen
Tripel
Strong blonde brewed with candy sugar
EXAMPLES: Tripel Karmeliet, Chimay Tripel, Victory Golden Monkey (PA), Delirium Tremens
Quad
Rich and warming
EXAMPLES:
Westvleteren 12,
Rochefort 10,
St. Bernardus 12
IPA
EXAMPLES: Worthington White Shield (UK), Dogfish Head 90 Minute, Pliny, Lagunitas, Zombie Dust, Bell’s Two Hearted, Drake's
Pale Ale
EXAMPLES: Young’s Special London, De Ranke XX Bitter, Sierra Nevada, Smuttynose Shoals (NH), Drake’s, Off-Shoot, Cooper’s (AUS), Little Creatures (AUS)
Barleywine
strong, rich, generously malted ale - medium hop and high alcohol (18th century england) - “Old Ale”
EXAMPLES:
Anchor Old Foghorn,
Sierra Nevada Bigfoot
Dortmunder
coal miner’s beer - deeper, maltier pilsner
EXAMPLES:
Dortmunder Export,
Dortmunder Gold (Great Lakes)
Belgian Lager
De Konink - local beer of Antwerp - served in a “bollekin” or “ball” with good amount of foam,
Jupiler (InBev) - from the town of Jupille near Liege - favorite brand of Belgians for everyday drinking
Marzen/Festbier
malty lager, brewed in the spring lagered in the summer
EXAMPLES:
Ayinger,
Spaten,
Sierra Nevada Festbier
Bock (Doppelbock/Maibock)
strong, dark lager with malty profile (traditionally brewed in einbeck, “bock” = billygoat)
“liquid bread” for the fasting mocks - doppel
EXAMPLES:
Sam Adams Double Bock,
Bell’s Consecrator
Dunkel
Dark lager - weizenbock - brewed with darker malts
EXAMPLES:
Erdinger,
Schneider Aventinus,
Hacker Pschorr
Schwarzbier - black lager
Herold Black Beer (Prague)
Vienna Style Lager
copper to reddish brown, low to medium hop w/ notable toasted and malt character
EXAMPLES:
Stiegl,
St. Georgen,
Zippier
Munich Helles
pale gold beer, rounder and fuller than light lager or pilsner with touch of sweetness and hop spice
EXAMPLES:
Spaten,
Augustinerbrau Munchen
Amber Lager
adapted from Vienna Lager
EXAMPLES: Sam Adams Boston Lager, Brooklyn Lager, Yeungling, Great Lakes Elliott Ness
Berliner Weisse
high carbonation, oft unfiltered, yeast and lactic acid character - often brewed with fruit - little to no hop character - low in alcohol, maltiness, and bitterness
EXAMPLES: Weihenstephaner Kristall Weissbier, Schultheiss, Berliner Kindl Weiss, New Glarus, Firestone Bretta
ESB
Fuller’s
Gose
Goslar Germany - Goslar River salty water (brewed with salt and coriander) malted barley, malted wheat, no hops
[brewed in Leipzig]
EXAMPLES:
Ritterguts,
Offshoot Troublesome,
Anderson Blood Orange Gose
Kvass
rye-based Russian beer fermented with fruit juices
Altbier
top-fermented at cool temperature - darker, slightly more hop-kissed than kolsch
[brewed in Dusseldorf]
EXAMPLES:
Uerige,
Schumacher,
Diebels
Rauschbier
smoked malt
[produced in Bamberg (Franken)]
EXAMPLES: Schlenkerla, Rauchenfelser Steinlager, Moku Moku (Japan), Alaskan Smoked Porter
Porter
EXAMPLES: Deschutes Black Butte, Great Lakes Edmund Fitzgerald (Cleveland), Zywiec Porter, Synebrychoff (Helsinki)
Stout
EXAMPLES: Guinness, Murphy’s, Left Hand Milk Stout (Denver), Deschutes Obsidian, North Coast Old Rasputin, Asahi, Okhotsk (Japan), Dragon Stout (Jamaica), Lion Stout (Sri Lanka), Samuel Smith Oatmeal Stout (Yorkshire)
Rheinheitsgebot
Barley, Water, Hops - 1516
Minimum % wheat in a Weissbeer
50%
4 styles of wheat beer
Hefe Weizen, Dunkel (dark), Kristall Weizen (filtered to be clear), Weiss Bier - Weizen bock (lager), Berliner Weisse (carbonation and lactic), Gose
What is wort?
Sugar rich liquid derived from malted grain
What is grist?
cracked or ground malted grain
type of yeast in an ale
s. cerivisae
yeast in lager (bottom ferment)
s. pastorianus or carlsbergensis
name a style of lager
german pils, bohemian pils, munich helles, bock, maibock, doppelbock, dortmunder
beer made with spoilage bacteria (brett, pediococcus)
lambic, sour beer
beer not traditionally made with hops
gruit ale - precursor to modern
2 Druids
dry hopping
after the boil and fermentation - usually 3 different stages, more flavor from essential oils
hop back
layer of fresh hop flowers in a chamber - also filter protein and hop solids
abbey ale
made outside the walls of a trappist brewery
3 producers of Trappist beer
Chimay, Westmalle, Orval, Achel (no more living monks), Westelvetren, Rochefort
Sole Trappist Brewery in the USA
St. Joseph’s Abbey in Spencer, MA (2013)
Most common hop strains in the USA
Cascade,
Chinook,
Centennial - (Citra, Simcoe, Mosaic, Fuggle, Kent Golding)
Oldest continually operating brewery in the World?
Weihenstephaner est. 1040
Name 2 lambic producers
Lindemans,
Cantillon,
Boon,
Rodenbach (Flemish ale - similar to red wine)
4 styles of Lambic
Geuze (1 year and 2-3 year old beer with aged hops),
Mars (reused malt from previous ferment),
Faro (mix of lambic and light beer, Belgian Candy sugar added),
Fruit
California Common
lager fermented at higher temperature
Top selling beer in US
Bud Lite
Who harvests the most hops in the USA?
Yakima Valley, WA
Top selling beer in world
1 Stella Artois, #2 Corona, #3 Heineken
Function of Hops
Preservative,
imparts bitterness to balance sweetness of malt,
IBUs
Amylase
enzyme that converts starch into maltose and dextrin
What is sparging
Once the wort liquid is washed off the grains, you can rinse the grains with water to extract more
wet-hopping
freshly gathered hops (hours),
not dried - captures the most pure aromas
Saint Bernardus
located in Watou - (formerly affiliated with St. Sixtus Monastery) modelled on Westvleteren beers
Orval
“Vallee d’Or” in the Ardennes forest, occupied by monks since 1010
Dubbel and Tripel styles popularized by?
Westmalle
What term is used more often than Quadruppel bier?
Grand Cru
Youngest Trappist brewery?
Mount St Bernard (2018) - England
Oldest Trappist brewery?
Achel - Belgium - (no longer any living monks)
Trappist association founded in 1997
11 Trappist breweries in production (?)
Chimay, Koenigshoefen (La Trappe), Westmalle, Orval, Rochefort, Westvleteren, Achel, Tre Fontane (Italy), Mount St. Bernard (UK), St. Joseph’s Abbey (USA - MA), Stift Engelszell (Austria)
German law requires what % wheat instead of barley
50%
Service temp for lager
48-52
Service temp for ale
54-58
Four Noble Hops
Saaz, Tuttnang, Hallertau, Nuremburg
Skol, Tusker, Kronenbourg 1664, Moretti, Kingfisher, Snowbeer, Singha, Tiger beer, Hoegaarden, Red Stripe, Heineken
Brazil, Kenya, France, Italia, India, China, Thailand, Singapore, Belgium, Jamaica, Netherlands
What is “keeving”?
a natural, traditional method of sweetening cider
pectin gel traps nitrogen and is removed, starving the wild yeast. fermentation stops early leaving the natural sugars from the apples themselves. no sugar or sweetener is added.
most common in French cidre bouché, not as common in UK commercial ciders
Cider PDO’s from Spain
Sidra de Asturias (Trabanco, Fonciello),
Euskal Sargadoa / Basque (Gurutzeta)
Cider PDO’s from France
Pays d’Auge (Dupont),
Poire Domfront (Fernand et Freres),
Cornouaille (Manoir de Kinkiz),
Cotentin (Herout)
England ciders
Gloucestershire (Summer’s)
Worcestershire (Knight’s)
Herefordshire (Stowford Press)
Welsh Cider
Black Dragon
French Cider
Cidre de Normandie,
Cidre de Bretagne
Spanish Cider
Basque Cider (Isastegi, Astarbe, Zelaia, Txopinondo)
German Cider
Hessiche Apfelwein (Muller)
American Cider
Ace (Sonoma),
Woodchuck (Vermont),
Shacksbury (Vermont),
Farnum Hill (New Hampshire)
Australian Cider
Black Rat (Adelaide),
Mercury (Tasmania)
Largest cider producer in the world
Strongbow (Herefordshire, England)
What is a Burton Ale?
London name for an “old ale” - strong, malty beer usually brewed in the winter months
What is an Eisbock
Specialty of Kulmbach district in Bavaria
A bock lager is frozen and the water ice removed to make a stronger beer
How is cider pressed?
the cider is mashed and ground into an applesauce like texture and then poured onto forms covered in nylon.
a stack of these forms is called “a cheese” and the mechanical pressing which presses down to release the juice is called a “wring”
What varieties of apple are used for cider?
neutral, aromatic, astringent, tart
The greater the difference between original gravity and final gravity…
The higher the alcohol and drier the beer style
Fasting monks drank this style of beer, also known as “liquid bread”
Doppelbock
What is Krausening?
A carbonation method traditional to Germany.
Add actively fermenting wort to a fully fermented beer - providing sugar for secondary fermentation.
What does SRM stand for?
Standard Reference Method
Attenuation of light passing through 1 cm of beer
2 -lager, pilsener, berliner weisse 3 -blonde ale 4 - weissbeer 6 - IPA 8 - saison 10 - ESB 17 - dark lager, marzen, amber 20 - bock, dunkel, brown 24 - porter, doppelbock 29 - stout 35 - baltic porter 40+ - russian imperial stout
What is a hopback?
introducing fresh hops to a beer after the boil to retain fresh aromas
What is a Grisette?
Belgian wheat beer - funky, sour and usually dry hopped or late hopped
What is a coolship?
A large container for cooling wort
How should you serve a Lambic beer?
LAMBIC in a TALL TUMBLER, pour out some of the sediment first. Then pour slowly in a continuous motion.
KRIEK is served in a BRANDY GLASS.
FRAMBOISE is served in a CHAMPAGNE FLUTE.
