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Master Sommelier Theory > Pacific Northwest > Flashcards

Pacific Northwest Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the minimum % requirements to label Oregon wines by varietal or by AVA?

A

90% varietal, 95% AVA

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2
Q

What is the climate of Willamette Valley?

A

Continental but with maritime influences seeping through gaps in the Coast Range

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3
Q

What are the major natural features of the Willamette Valley?

A

The Willamette River is a tributary of the Columbia River - The valley is between the Cascade Range and the Oregon Coast Range

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4
Q

What are 5 major producers of Willamette Valley?

A 
Ken Wright (Yamhill), 
Eyrie Vineyards (Dundee), 
Beaux Frères (Ribbon), 
Soter (Yamhill), 
Lingua Franca (Eola), 
Adelsheim (Chehalem), 
Bergstrom (Chehalem), 
Brittan (McMinville)
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5
Q

What are the newest AVA’s of Willamette Valley?

A

Lower Long Tom - 2021;

Laurelwood District and Tualatin Hills - 2020

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6
Q

What was the wine that put Willamette Valley pinot on the map?

A

Gault-Millau Wine Olympiades - Eyrie vineyards ‘South Block’ 1975 (3rd place finish in Paris ’79, 2nd place finish in Beaune ’80 - besting grand crus assembled by Robert Drouhin)

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7
Q

Which sub AVA of Willamette Valley is the first to harvest, due to having the warmest temperatures and usually the highest potential alcohols?

A

Yamhill-Carlton - hemmed in by the Coast Range, Chehalem Mountains, and Dundee Hills

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8
Q 
Which AVAs of Willamette Valley are most associated with the following soil series’ : 
Jory, 
Laurelwood, 
Nekia, 
Willakenzie
A

Dundee Hills;
Chehalem Mountains - northern flanks;
Eola-Amity Hills;
Yamhill-Carlton & Ribbon Ridge

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9
Q

Jory soils are composed of…

A

red volcanic soils - high iron (Dundee Hills)

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10
Q

Nekia soils are composed of…

A

dark volcanic loam (Eola Amity)

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11
Q

Laurelwood soils are composed of…

A

loess (Chehalem Mountains)

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12
Q

Willakenzie soils are composed of…

A

sandstone and shale (Ribbon Ridge & Yamhill Carlton)

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13
Q

McMinnville soils?

A

mix of marine sediment and volcanic

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14
Q

What are the AVA’s of Southern Oregon?

A

Umpqua Valley,
Rogue Valley,
Applegate Valley

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15
Q

What is LIVE?

A

Low Input Viticulture and Enology (Ted Casteel of Bethel Heights)

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16
Q

Is chaptalization legal in Oregon?

A

YES - NOT in California

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17
Q

Chehalem mountains contains which sub-AVAs?

A

Laurelwood District and Ribbon Ridge

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18
Q

Chehalem producers

A

Erath, Ponzi, Adelsheim

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19
Q

Newest AVAs in Oregon

A

Laurelwood District

Tualatin Hills (outside Portland)

Lower Long Tom (furthest south)

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20
Q

True or False : the rainshadow effect is stronger for Southern Oregon than Willamette Valley?

A

TRUE! much warmer/drier in the South - Coastal Range is higher

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21
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Umpqua Valley?

A

Red Hills Douglas County, Elkton

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22
Q

French collaborations in Oregon?

A 
Nicolas Meo (Nicolas Jay), 
Jacques Lardiere - Jadot (Resonance), 
Dominique Lafon (Lingua Franca)
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23
Q

State minimum % - Oregon

A

100%

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24
Q

AVA minimum % - Oregon

A

95%

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25
Q

Varietal minimum % Oregon

A

90% Burgundy/Alsace Varieties; 75% Bordeaux/Rhone Varieties

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26
Q

Washington average sunshine hours in June

A

17 hrs a day!!

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27
Q

Why do Washington vines benefit from fertile soils?

A

extreme water stress - desert farming

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28
Q

State minimum % - Washington

A

95%

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29
Q

Which Washington state AVAs are not contained in the Columbia Valley?

A

Puget Sound, Columbia Gorge

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30
Q

Warmest AVA in Washington?

A

Red Mountain - most densely planted

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31
Q

Why “Red” Mountain?

A

Springtime cheatgrass - looks red in spring

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32
Q

Snipes Mountain producer

A

Upland

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33
Q

Largest producer of Riesling in the world?

A

Chateau St. Michelle

34
Q

Name a producer from the Columbia Gorge

A

Memaloose (Idiot’s Grace),
Analemma,
Hiyu Wine Farm

35
Q

Sagemoor and Cold Creek are historic vineyards from what AVA?

A

Columbia Valley - not inside of a nested AVA

36
Q

Klipsun and Ciel du Cheval are famous vineyards from what sub AVA?

A

Red Mountain

37
Q

Champoux, Canoe Ridge are famous vineyards of what sub AVA?

A

Horse Heaven Hills

38
Q

Boushey, Otis, and Red Willow are famous vineyard of what sub AVA?

A

Yakima Valley

39
Q

Seven Hills and Pepperbridge are famous vineyards of what AVA?

A

Walla Walla

40
Q

Missoula Floods

A

17,000 years ago

41
Q

Fruit for Quilceda Creek comes from what AVAs?

A

Red Mountain, Horse Heaven Hills

42
Q

Quilceda Creek first earned a 100 pt score in what year?

A

2002 - Robert Parker

43
Q

1st AVA in WA, nested AVAs?

A

Yakima;

Red Mt., Rattlesnake, Snipes Mt.

44
Q

What is VINEA

A

Walla Walla Winegrowers Sustainable Trust (organic & sustainable)

45
Q

Most planted grape in Rattelsnake?

A

Riesling

46
Q

What sub AVA of Columbia Valley has the densest plantings?

A

Yakima Valley

47
Q

What is the driest AVA in Washington?

A

Wahluke Slope

48
Q

What are the nested AVA’s of Yakima Valley (5)?

A 
Rattlesnake Hills, 
Snipes Mountain, 
Red Mountain, 
Candy Mountain (smallest in WA - SE of Red Mt.), 
Goose Gap (north-facing)
49
Q

Wallula Gap

A

Bottleneck of the Missoula Floods -

backed up water from the east and spat it out to the west down the gorge forming “Touchet Beds” of sediment at the basins of the Columbia, Yakima, and Walla Walla valley floors

50
Q

Describe the inversion layer in Yakima

A

Syncline basins trap cold air, so the higher vineyards are actually warmer

51
Q

Yakima Valley grows 75% of the nations ____

A

hops

52
Q

What is the climate of Washington?

A

Columbia Valley, Walla Walla - arid, dry desert (rainshadow of Cascades) - low disease pressure - HIGH diurnals - COLD winters

53
Q

What are the major grapes of Washington?

A

Riesling, Cabernet, Merlot, Syrah

54
Q

Red grape popularized in the 90s

A

Merlot - Leonetti

55
Q

Notable viticulture techniques in Washington?

A

Irrigation, phylloxera-free, dual trunk training (freeze), bury fruiting canes, plant at higher elevation, post-harvest irrigation

56
Q

Washington Wine pioneers (helped by Telistcheff) in 1960s

A

Associated Vintners (now Columbia Winery),

American Wine Growers (Now Ch. St. Michelle)

57
Q

What is the Geology of Washington?

A

Alluvial sands, silt, loess, and loam over basalt bedrock

basalt cobblestones in Rocks District.

Historically - 17 mya Miocene volcanoes spewed lava everywhere - the basalt caused the ground to sink.

THEN the Missoula floods carved channels into the Basalt.

58
Q

5 Major producers of Washington State?

A 
Quilceda Creek, 
Leonetti, 
Cayuse, 
Andrew Will, 
DeLille
59
Q

What are the newest AVA’s of Columbia Valley?

A

White Bluffs

The Burn of Columbia Valley (Between HHV and Columbia Gorge)

Royal Slope (between Ancient Lakes and Lake Chelan)

Candy Mountain
Goose Gap

60
Q

VQA Province minimum %

A

100%

61
Q

VQA vintage date minimum %

A

85%

62
Q

VQA varietal minimum %

A

85%

63
Q

British Columbia VQA appellation minimum %

A

95%

64
Q

Event shifting market in Canada in 1988?

A

Free-Trade agreement with United States; vine-pull, vinifera, competition with american wines, VQA in Ontario established

65
Q

Exception to VQA vintage dating

A

VQA sparkling - NV

66
Q

1974 important event in Canadian wine

A

Canadian government lifted a moratorium on new wineries

67
Q

French hybrids in Canada

A

Vidal, Baco Noir, Chancellor, Seyval Blanc

68
Q

What is the climate of the Okanagan Valley?

A

Continental - long daylight hours, tempering effect of Lake Okanagan, VERY COLD winters

69
Q

Ice wine harvest temperature

A

-8 C, 17.5 F (night harvest)

70
Q

Wha are the VQA Designated Viticultural Areas of British Columbia?

A 
Fraser Valley, 
Gulf Islands, 
Kootenays, 
Lillooet, 
Okanagan Valley**, 
Shuswap, 
Similkameen Valley**, 
Thomson Valley, 
Vancouver Island
71
Q

Lake Okanagan converges with what major river to the South?

A

Columbia River

72
Q

What is the first official subregion of the Okanagan Valley?

A

Golden Mile est. 2014

73
Q

What DVA surrounds Vancouver, BC?

A

Fraser Valley

74
Q

What is the maximum g/L for BRUT VQA sparkling wine?

A

EXCEPTION - 15 g/L

75
Q

What are the top 2 white grapes of British Columbia?

A

Pinot Gris, Chardonnay

76
Q

What are the top 2 red grapes of British Columbia?

A

Merlot, Pinot Noir

77
Q

Where was the first ice wine made in Canada?

A

Okanagan Valley, BC, by Walter Hanlie in 1973

78
Q

Okanagan Valley is between which two mountain ranges?

A

Cascades & Monashees

79
Q

GI’s of Okanagan Valley?

A

Okanagan Falls, Golden Mile, Skaha Bench, Naramata Bench, (Osoyoos - unofficial)

80
Q

What are Idaho’s AVAs and which is the only one located entirely within the state?

A

Lewis and Clark Valley (shared w/ WA), Snake River Valley (shared w/ OR), Eagle Foothills*

81
Q

Walla Walla sits at the confluence of what 3 rivers?

A

Columbia, Snake, Walla Walla

Master Sommelier Theory (68 decks)

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