Polyhydramnios

Question 1

Definition of Polyhydramnios

Answer 1

Polyhydramnios is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus in the uterus during pregnancy.
Amniotic fluid index - sum of linear measurements in cm of the amniotic fluid
in 4 quadrants (deepest pockets of the amniotic sac)
Polyhydramnios is > 23 cm

Question 2

Causes of Polyhydramnios

Answer 2

• Fetal:
  Fetal abnormalities affecting the swallowing or urinary systems (esophageal atresia)
  Fetal Malposition
  Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (in cases of twin pregnancies), multiple pregnancy.

-Placental :
Placental abnormalities (abruption,prolapse)

Maternal :
Maternal genetic conditions (e.g., Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome)
Maternal diabetes
Postpartum Uterine atony
Preterm labor
Premature rupture of membrane

Question 3

Symptoms of Polyhydramnios

Answer 3

Rapid or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen.
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Question 4

Diagnosis of Polyhydramnios

Answer 4

Polyhydramnios is typically diagnosed through ultrasound examinations that measure the amniotic fluid index (AFI).
An AFI value above the normal range (more than 23 cm) indicates polyhydramnios.

Question 5

Treatment of Polyhydramnios

Answer 5

Treatment for polyhydramnios depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.
Some treatment options include:
Close monitoring of fetal well-being, including regular ultrasounds and fetal heart rate monitoring.
Addressing the underlying cause, such as managing maternal diabetes or providing appropriate interventions for fetal abnormalities.
In severe cases, draining excess amniotic fluid (amnioreduction) may be performed to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Question 6

Complications of Polyhydramnios

Answer 6

Preterm labor or premature birth
Placental abruption
Fetal malposition or abnormal presentation
Umbilical cord prolapse
Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage