Physiological changes during Pregnancy Flashcards
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Cardiovascular System
Increased blood volume
Increased cardiac output
Increased heart rate
Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
Expansion of blood vessels
Decreased blood pressure during 1st trimester - Elevated blood pressure during 2nd trimester
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Respiratory System
Increased oxygen consumption
Increased tidal volume (the amount of air breathed in and out during normal breathing)
Increased respiratory rate
Elevated diaphragm position
Decreased lung capacity due to upward pressure from the growing uterus
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Gastrointestinal System
Relaxation of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract
Slowed gastrointestinal motility leading to constipation
Increased water absorption from the colon
Decreased gastric emptying time
Increased production of saliva
Softening of the connective tissues supporting the esophagus, stomach, and intestines
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Renal System
Increased kidney size and blood flow
Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Increased urine production
Decreased bladder capacity due to pressure from the growing uterus
Mild increase in urinary frequency
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Musculoskeletal System
Relaxation of ligaments and joints due to increased levels of relaxin hormone
Increased mobility and flexibility of pelvic joints in preparation for childbirth
Lordosis (increased curvature) of the lower spine due to the shifting center of gravity
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Endocrine System
Increased production of hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen
Suppression of the menstrual cycle
Development and functioning of the placenta
Increased production of insulin due to insulin resistance
Increased production of thyroid hormones
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Immune System
Suppression of the immune response to prevent rejection of the fetus
Alteration in the balance of immune cells and cytokines
Physiological adaptations during pregnancy in Integumentary System (Skin):
Increased blood flow to the skin
Darkening of the areolas, nipples, and linea nigra (a dark line that runs down the abdomen)
Stretch marks (striae) due to the stretching of the skin
Increased sweat production
Changes in hair and nail growth
