Diverticulosis Flashcards
Definition of Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis refers to the presence of diverticula, which are small pouches that protrude from the colon wall. These pouches are typically non-inflamed and do not cause symptoms in themselves.
Causes of Diverticulosis
Age: Diverticulosis is more common in older adults, possibly due to age-related weakening of the colon wall.
Low-fiber diet: A diet low in fiber can contribute to the development of diverticula. Insufficient fiber intake leads to hard stools and increased pressure in the colon, which can strain and weaken the colon wall.
Lack of physical activity: Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of developing diverticulosis.
Diagnosis of Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis is often diagnosed incidentally during routine screening tests or imaging studies. Diagnostic procedures for diverticulosis may include:
Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the colon to examine the colon wall and detect diverticula.
Imaging tests: CT scan, abdominal ultrasound, or barium enema may be used to visualize the colon and identify diverticula.
Symptoms of Diverticulosis
Most individuals with diverticulosis do not experience any symptoms. However, some may have mild symptoms such as:
Abdominal pain or discomfort, typically in the lower left side of the abdomen.
Bloating or distension.
Irregular bowel movements, including constipation or diarrhea.
Occasional rectal bleeding, which is usually minor.
Treatment of Diverticulosis
In most cases, diverticulosis does not require specific treatment unless complications occur. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. It may include:
High-fiber diet: Increasing dietary fiber intake helps soften the stool and promote regular bowel movements, reducing the risk of diverticula becoming inflamed or infected.
Hydration: Drinking an adequate amount of fluids helps maintain soft and regular bowel movements.
Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers may be used to manage mild abdominal pain or discomfort.
Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can promote healthy bowel function.
Complications of Diverticulosis
Complications of diverticulosis can occur when diverticula become inflamed or infected, leading to a condition called diverticulitis. Complications of diverticulitis may include:
Diverticular bleeding: Diverticula can bleed, leading to rectal bleeding.
Diverticular abscess: Infection of a diverticulum may result in the formation of an abscess.
Perforation: In rare cases, a diverticulum can burst or perforate, causing a hole in the colon wall.
Peritonitis: Perforation of a diverticulum can lead to infection and inflammation of the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum).
Intestinal obstruction: Scarring and narrowing of the colon due to repeated episodes of diverticulitis can result in a partial or complete blockage of the intestine.
