Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Flashcards
Definition of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Disease that affects the nervous system, specifically the motor neurons responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the muscles.
It leads to the degeneration and death of these neurons, resulting in the gradual loss of muscle control and function.
Causes of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
In some cases, ALS can be inherited through a familial form of the disease, which accounts for approximately 5-10% of cases.
The majority of ALS cases, however, are sporadic, with no clear family history.
Various genetic mutations and abnormalities have been linked to ALS, such as mutations in the C9orf72, SOD1, and TARDBP genes.
Environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or certain viruses, may also play a role in the development of ALS.
Symptoms of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Generally involve progressive muscle weakness and loss of motor function.
Common symptoms include muscle cramps, muscle twitching (fasciculations), difficulty walking, tripping or falling, muscle stiffness, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and weakened grip strength.
As the disease progresses, individuals may experience respiratory problems, difficulty speaking and breathing, and eventually become completely paralyzed.
Diagnosis of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Electromyography (EMG) to assess the electrical activity of muscles
Nerve conduction studies, blood tests, MRI scans, and a lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.
Treatment of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Medications like riluzole and edaravone may be prescribed to slow disease progression.
Other interventions include physical therapy to maintain mobility and range of motion, assistive devices to aid with mobility and communication, breathing support such as non-invasive ventilation or a tracheostomy, and speech therapy for communication and swallowing difficulties.
