Oligohydramnios

Question 1

Definition of Oligohydramnios

Answer 1

Oligohydramnios is a condition characterized by an abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus in the uterus during pregnancy.
Amniotic fluid index - sum of linear measurements in cm of the amniotic fluid
in 4 quadrants.
Oligohydramnios if < 5 cm

Question 2

Causes and risks of Oligohydramnios

Answer 2

-Causes:
Rupture of membranes (premature rupture of membranes)
Fetal kidney problems or urinary tract abnormalities( Renal Agenesis)
Uteroplacental insufficiency or dysfunction
Fetal growth restriction
Drugs
Post-date pregnancy (going beyond the expected due date)
Certain birth defects or genetic conditions

-Risks:
Cord compression, IUGR, delayed lung maturation, limb
contracture, meconium aspiration, uteroplacental insufficiency

Question 3

Symptoms of Oligohydramnios

Answer 3

Decreased fetal movements
SGA
Poor visualization of fetal structures during ultrasound examinations

Question 4

Diagnosis of Oligohydramnios

Answer 4

Oligohydramnios is typically diagnosed through ultrasound examinations that measure the amniotic fluid index (AFI). A low AFI value (less than 5 cm) indicates oligohydramnios.

Question 5

Treatment of Oligohydramnios

Answer 5

Close monitoring of fetal well-being, including regular ultrasounds and fetal heart rate monitoring.
Addressing the underlying cause if possible, such as managing maternal hypertension or providing appropriate interventions for fetal abnormalities.
In severe cases, early delivery of the baby may be necessary to prevent further complications.

Question 6

Complications of Oligohydramnios

Answer 6

Fetal growth restriction
Preterm birth
Umbilical cord compression or prolapse
Developmental abnormalities in the baby
Stillbirth (in severe cases)