Cardinal Movements of Labour

Question 1

Describe the cardinal movements of the fetus during labour. (include the degrees of each movement)

Answer 1

1) Engagement: The baby’s head enters the pelvic inlet. This typically occurs at 0 degrees.

2) Descent: The baby’s head moves downward through the birth canal. It continues until it reaches the pelvic floor, which is around 0 to +2 degrees.

3) Flexion: The baby’s chin moves closer to its chest as it passes through the birth canal. This occurs at approximately +1 to +2 degrees.

4) Internal Rotation: Once the baby’s head reaches the pelvic floor, it rotates to align its head with the mother’s pelvis. This rotation can occur at different degrees, typically around +2 to +3 degrees.

5) Extension: The baby’s head extends as it passes under the pubic bone. This occurs at approximately +3 to +4 degrees.

6) Restitution and External Rotation: After the baby’s head is delivered, it naturally realigns with the position of its body. This realignment is known as restitution. Additionally, the baby’s shoulders rotate to align with the mother’s pelvis, which is called external rotation. The rotation can happen at around +4 to +5 degrees.

7) Expulsion: The baby’s shoulders and body are delivered, and the baby is born completely. This happens around +5 to +6 degrees.