Gestational Diabetes Flashcards
Definition of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels that occur for the first time during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth.
Risk factors of Gestational Diabetes
Overweight or obesity
Family history of diabetes
Previous history of gestational diabetes
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Being older than 25 years
Having a history of delivering a large baby (weighing more than 9 pounds or 4.1 kilograms)
Risks for mother:
Diabetes in the future
Preeclampsia
Prolonged labor
Infections
Lactation failure
Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. The following diagnostic tests are used:
Glucose Challenge Test (GCT): A preliminary screening test where a woman drinks a sugary solution and has her blood sugar levels measured after one hour.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT):
Screen with 75 g 2-hour glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks.
Abnormal levels above 5,6 before glucose, 7,8 after 2 hours.
Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
Dietary modifications: Following a well-balanced meal plan that limits the intake of carbohydrates and focuses on healthy foods.
Regular physical activity
Blood sugar monitoring
Medications
Metformin
Insulin
DO NOT GIVE SULFONYLUREAS!!
Complications of Gestational Diabetes
Macrosomia
Hypoglycemia
Preterm birth
Preeclampsia
Future risk
