Breech Delivery

Question 1

Give all the different types of breach presentations and maneuvers used in each

Answer 1

Breech Presentations:

1)Frank Breech: The baby’s buttocks present first, with the knees extended and the feet near the baby’s head.
Maneuver: The “Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit” maneuver is often used, which involves flexing the baby’s head and applying gentle upward pressure on the lower abdomen to deliver the aftercoming head.

2)Complete Breech: The baby’s buttocks and feet present first, with the knees flexed.
Maneuver: The “Pinard” maneuver is commonly used, which involves flexing the baby’s head and applying gentle upward pressure on the lower abdomen to deliver the aftercoming head.

3)Footling Breech: One or both of the baby’s feet present first.
Maneuver: Depending on the situation, a variety of maneuvers can be employed, including the “Piper” maneuver, “Lovset’s” maneuver, or the “Walcher” position.

Question 2

Give all the different types of malpresentations and maneuvers used in each

Answer 2

Malpresentations:

1) Shoulder Presentation: The baby’s shoulder presents first instead of the head or buttocks.
Maneuver: The “Wood’s Screw” maneuver is commonly used, which involves rotating the baby manually to convert the shoulder presentation to a vertex (head-first) presentation.

2) Face Presentation: The baby’s face presents first, usually with the chin as the leading part.
Maneuver: The “Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit” maneuver is often employed, which involves flexing the baby’s head and applying gentle upward pressure on the lower abdomen to deliver the aftercoming head.

3) Brow Presentation: The baby’s forehead is the presenting part.
Maneuver: The “Barnum” maneuver may be used, which involves flexing the baby’s head and applying gentle upward pressure on the lower abdomen to deliver the aftercoming head.