Ectopic Prgnancy Flashcards
Definition of Ectopic Pregnancy
Potentially life-threatening condition in which a fertilized egg implants and develops outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Other locations: cervix, ovaries, or abdominal cavity.
Causes of Ectopic Pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Previous tubal surgery or pelvic surgery
Endometriosis
Congenital abnormalities of the fallopian tubes
Hormonal imbalances
Previous ectopic pregnancy
Assisted reproductive technology (e.g., in vitro fertilization)
Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, which may be light or heavy
Pelvic pain, typically on one side
Shoulder pain, due to internal bleeding irritating the diaphragm
Abdominal or pelvic pain that worsens with movement or exertion
Weakness, dizziness, or fainting (indicating internal bleeding and shock)
Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Transvaginal ultrasound: To visualize the location of the pregnancy and identify abnormalities.
Blood tests: Measuring the levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to monitor its increase and detect any abnormalities.
Culdocentesis: A procedure to assess if there is fluid (blood) in the space behind the uterus (Douglas cul-de-sac), indicating internal bleeding.
Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy
Medication: Methotrexate, a medication that stops the growth of the developing pregnancy, is given if the ectopic pregnancy is detected early and the fallopian tube hasn’t ruptured.
Surgery: In cases where the ectopic pregnancy has caused significant bleeding or the tube has ruptured, laparoscopic surgery or emergency laparotomy may be necessary to remove the pregnancy and repair or remove the affected fallopian tube.
Complications of Ectopic Pregnancy
Rupture of the fallopian tube or other organ, causing internal bleeding
Hemorrhage and shock
Infertility, particularly if one or both fallopian tubes are damaged or removed
Emotional distress and psychological impact
Extrauterine pregnancy criteria
Take β hCG, progesterone, blood group (give rhogam is mother if rh neg), and transvaginal US to visualize the tubes to diagnose.
