Menopause / Postmenopausal women Flashcards
Lists the symptoms and their treatment during Menopause.
1) Hot flashes and night sweats:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Estrogen or estrogen combined with progestin can be prescribed to alleviate these symptoms. However, HRT has potential risks and should be carefully evaluated with a healthcare provider.
Non-hormonal medications: Certain antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), may help manage hot flashes.
Lifestyle modifications: Dressing in layers, using fans, and avoiding triggers like spicy foods and alcohol may help reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes.
2)Vaginal dryness and discomfort:
Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants: Over-the-counter or prescription vaginal moisturizers and lubricants can help alleviate dryness and discomfort during sexual activity.
Estrogen therapy: Local application of low-dose estrogen in the form of creams, rings, or tablets can improve vaginal moisture and relieve symptoms. It has fewer systemic effects than systemic hormone therapy.
3)Urinary symptoms:
Vaginal estrogen therapy: Local estrogen can help improve urinary symptoms, such as urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence.
Pelvic floor exercises: Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles through exercises (Kegel exercises) can help improve urinary control.
Medications: Certain medications, such as anticholinergic drugs, can help manage overactive bladder symptoms.
4) Mood changes and sleep disturbances:
Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, stress reduction techniques, and maintaining a healthy sleep routine can help improve mood and sleep quality.
Counseling or therapy: Talking to a mental health professional can provide support and strategies for managing mood changes.
Medications: In some cases, antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help manage mood symptoms.
5) Osteoporosis and bone health:
Calcium and vitamin D supplements: Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake are essential for maintaining bone health. Supplements may be recommended if dietary intake is insufficient.
Lifestyle modifications: Regular weight-bearing exercise, such as walking or strength training, can help improve bone density.
Medications: In certain cases, medications called bisphosphonates or hormone therapy may be prescribed to prevent or treat osteoporosis.
