Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Sem 1 > physiology week 11 +12 > Flashcards

physiology week 11 +12 Flashcards

1
Q

How does Body fluids remain constant

A

Body fluids remain constant due to a balance between fluid intake and output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name sources of daily water intake

A
  • Ingested water(from liquids+ food)
    -Synthesized water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name sources of daily water loss

A

Insensible water loss:
skin
Respitatory tract
-sweat
-Feces
-Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of the kidneys

A
  • It adjusts water and electrolyte excretion to balance intake and compensate for losses
  • The regulate electrolytes like Na,cl,k
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is body fluid divided into

A

-ICF
-ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does ECF contain

A
  • Transcelluler fluid
    -Interstitial fluid
    -Blood plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Transcellular fluid contain

A
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
    and fluid in the :
    -Synovial
    -peritoneal
    -pericadial
    intraocular spacesssss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What factors does total body water depend on

A
  • Age
    -Sex
  • Fat percentage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is extracellular fluid subdivided into

A
  • interstitial fluid
  • plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the cations and the amounts that ECF contains

A

Large amounts of Na+,
Small amounts of k+,Ca2+,Mg2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the Anions and the amounts in which the ECF contains

A
  • Large amounts of Cl- and bicarbonate ions with small amounts of phosphate and organic acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the similarity between plasma and interstitial fluid

A

They have a similar ionic concentration due to highly permeable capillary membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the differences between plasma and interstitial fluid

A
  • Plasma has a higher concentration of protons due to low permeability of capillaries to proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Donna Effect

A
  • It is that Plasma has slightly higher cations than interstitial fluid because plasma proteins bind cations and repel anions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the ICF separated from the ECF

A
  • By a cell membrane that is permeable to water but not to most electrolytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the cations that ICF contains and the amounts

A
  • High amounts of k+ and moderate Mg2+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the anions that the ICF contains and the amounts

A

-ICF contains high amounts of phosphate and sulphate ions
- Low amounts of chloride and sodium Concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the body fluid compartment volumes measured

A
  • Indicator-dlution principle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain the method of the Indicator-Diltuion principle

A
  • Inject a known amount of indicator into the compartment
  • Allow the substanc to mix evenly throughout the compartment
  • Analayze the final concentration of the indicator in the fluid sample
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the calculation formula for indicator dilution principle :VolumeB=
ConcentrationB
VolumeA ×ConcentrationA
​Require knowing for the equation to be used

A

Requires knowing:
-The total amount of indicator injected
- Final concentration of the indicator in the compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What conditions is needed for the indicator-dilution method to be accurate

A
  • Indicator must diperse evenly throughout the compartment
    -Indicator must remain restricted to the compartment being measured
  • Indicator should not be metabloized or excreted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does measurement of Total body water use

A
  • Uses substaces like radioactive water or antipyrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does measurement of Extracellular fluid volume use

A
  • Substances such as radiocative sodium, radioactive chloride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the measurement of plasma volume use

A
  • Using substances that remain in the vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain the selective permeability of cell membranes

A
  • Highly permeable to water
  • Realtively impermeable to solutes like Na and cl
26
Q

What is the effect of adding Sodium chloride to ECF

A
  • Water moves out of cells
27
Q

What is the effect of removing sodium chloride from ECF

A
  • Water moves into cells
28
Q

What does osmolality mean

A

osmoles per kilogram of water

29
Q

What does osmolarity

A

osmoles per liter of solution

30
Q

80% of the total osmolarity of the ECF and plasma is due to what

A

-Sodium and chloride ions

31
Q

In ICF half the osmolarit is due to what

A

Potassium ions

32
Q

What does small changes in extracellular solute concentrations create

A

High osmotic pressure across cell membranes

33
Q

When does water stop moving across cell membranes

A
  • When osmotic equillibrium is achieved
34
Q

Explain what happens isotionic solutions

A

There is no net water movement and cells maintain their volume

35
Q

Explains what happens in hypotonic solutions

A
  • Water diffuses into cells , causing the cells to swell
36
Q

What happens in hypertonic solutions

A
  • Water diffuses out of cells , causing cells to shrink
37
Q

Explain isosmotic solutions(osmolarity)
What does the Tonicity depend on in isosmotic solutions

A
  • They have equal osmolarity to cells
  • Tonicity depends on whether solutes are permeant or impermeant
38
Q

Explain hyperosmotic/hypo osmotic solutions

A
  • They have higher/lower osmolarity than ECF
39
Q

Why does water move rapidly across cell membranes

A
  • To equalize osmolarities between the ECF and ICF
40
Q

What are the effects of adding isotonic saline

A
  • It increases ECF volume without changing osmolarity or intracellular volume
41
Q

What are the ffects of adding hypertonic saline

A
  • It inceases ECF osmolarity, causing water to move out of the cells
42
Q

What is the net effect of adding hypertonic saline

A

-ECF volume increases
-ICF volume decreases

43
Q

What is the effect of adding hypotonic saline

A
  • Decreases ECF osmolarity, causing water to move into cells
44
Q

What is the net effect of adding hypotonic saline

A

-Intracellular and extracellular vloumes increase

45
Q

What is the purpose of using glucose solutions

A

Used to provide nutrition

46
Q

Name 2 solutions that’s are used for nutritive purposes

A

Amino acid and homogenised fat solutions

47
Q

How are nutrient solutions administered and why

A

-Isotonic
- Slowly
To maintain osmotic equilibrium

48
Q

How is excess water excreted

A

By kidneys as dilute urine

49
Q

What is the result of a low plasma sodium
Concentration

A

Hyponatremia

50
Q

What is the result of high plasma sodium concentration

A

Hypernatremia

51
Q

What are the causes of Hyponatremia

A
  • Loss of sodium from the ECF
  • Excess water in the ECF
52
Q

Name some conditions that can cause hyponatermia by causing sodium loss

A
  • Vomiting, Diarrhea,Kidnesy disease,Addisons disease
53
Q

What can hyponatremia, loss of sodium lead to

A
  • Edema
    -Seizures,death
54
Q

What is hyperntremia caused by

A
  • Loss of water from the ECF
  • Excess sodium in the ECF
55
Q

What is the role of Central Diabetes Insipidus in causing hyperntremia

A

It stop the secretion of ADH, which leads tp the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine, causing sodium concentration to increase

56
Q

What is the effect pf hypernatremia on cells

A
  • Causes water to leave cell, leading to cell shrinage
57
Q

What is Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the body tissues

58
Q

What causes Intracellular Edema

A

-Hyponatremia-(Low sodium levels)
-Metabolic depression or Inadequate nutrition
-Inflammation which increases membrane permeability, allowing sodium and water to enter the cells

59
Q

What causes Extracellular Edemaa

A

-Increased capillary pressure
-Decreased Plasma proteins
-Increased capillary permeability
-Lymphatic blockage

60
Q

What causes Lymphedema

A
  • Blocked lymphatic flow
61
Q

Name the saftey factors that prevent Edema

A

-Low tissue compliance
-Increased Lymph flow
-Washdown of Proteins

Medicine Sem 1 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions