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Medicine Sem 1 > Cytology Week 11 > Flashcards

Cytology Week 11 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Describe compact(cortical bones) and its location

A

-Dense and located near the surface of the bones

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2
Q

Explain where cancelous(trabecular ) bones are located

A
  • Deeper within interconnecting cavities
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3
Q

What is the bulbous end of Long bones called

A

Epiphyses

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4
Q

What is the cylindrical part of Long bones called

A

Diaphysis

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5
Q

Explain what Epipyses are composed of

A

— Cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone

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6
Q

Explain the structure of Diaphysis

A
  • Compact bone with thin layer of cancerous bone around the marrow cavity
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7
Q

Name examples of were short bones are located

A

In the wrists and ankles

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8
Q

Explain the structure of Short bones

A
  • Contains a core of cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone
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9
Q

Explain the structure of flat bones

A

Two layers of compact bones separated by a thicker layer of cancellous bone around

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10
Q

At microscopic level: compact and cancellous bone show two what 2 types of Organization :

A
  • Mature lamellar bone
    -Woven bone
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11
Q

What is lamellar bone characterized by

A
  • ## multiple layers of calcified matrix
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12
Q

What type of collagen fibers does lamellar bone contain

A
  • Type 1 collagen fibers
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13
Q

What are Osteons
-What do central canals contain

A

-They are Cylindrical units with lamella surrounding a central canal
- Blood vessels,nerves

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14
Q

What is the outer boundary of the osteon and what does it contain

A
  • Cement line
    -Non collagen proteins, minerals and collagen
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15
Q

Name the 2 bone regions

A
  • Interstitial lamellae
    -Circumferential lamellae
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16
Q

-What is Woven bone -What does it contain

A
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17
Q

What are the characteristics/propeties of Woven bone

A
  • Lower mineral content
  • higher porportion of osteocytes than LAMELLAR bone
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18
Q

What is the first bone to appear during embryonic development and fracture repair

A

-Woven bone

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19
Q

Where are the areas thst Woven bone is retained

A
  • Near the sutures of the calvaria
    -Insertions of some tendons
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20
Q

Name the 2 main stages that occur in the bone development process

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A

-Intramembranous Ossification
-Endochondral Ossification

21
Q

Explain bone formation process very breifly

Study These Flashcards
A
  • It initally produces woven bone but this is then later replaced by stronger lamellar bone.
22
Q

Explain briefly want happens in intramembranous ossification

Study These Flashcards
A

Osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchyme and secrete osteoid.

23
Q

Explain briefly what happens in Endochondral Ossification

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A

A hyaline cartilage matrix is eroded and invaded by osteoblasts, which begin producing osteoid.

24
Q

What type of bones does intramembraneous ossification form
+examples

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Flat bones such as :
    -Skull
    -Scapula
    -Clavicle
25
Explain the key features in intramembranous ossification:include -Osteprogenitor cells -
- Osteoprogenitor cells proliferate(increase in number) and form osteoblasts -Osteoblasts secrete osteoid which calcifies into woven bone. - woven bone is later replaced by compact and cancellous bone.
26
In intramembranous ossification what does Non-ossified mesenchymal regions become
-Periosteum and endosteum
27
What bones does Endochondral Ossification produce
-Most bones icluding long bones
28
Name the 4 main stages in Endochondral Ossification
- Bone collar formation -Cartilage Calcification -Primary Ossification center -Secondary Ossification center
29
Explain the first and second step of enchondral ossification(Bone collar formation + Cartilage calcification)
- Osteoblasts form perichondrium and create the collar -Chondrocytes hypertrophy, secrete matrix proteins and initiate calcification
30
Name the 2 cartilage regions that continue to remain in Endochondral Ossification
-Articular Cartilage -Epiphyseal Growth plate
31
What happens in the 2nd+3rd step of Endochondral ossification(primary and secondary ossification)
- Osteoblasts invade the calcified cartilage, forming woven bone. - Develop later at epiphyses, creating cancellous bone.
32
What does bone remodelling involve and function
-continuous bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. -Maintains bone shape
33
Why does bone have an excellent repair capacity
-Due to osteoprogenitor cells
34
Name the 3 phase bone repair
Phases of repair: -Formation of fibrocartilage. -Replacement of fibrocartilage with a temporary woven bone callus. -Remodeling into mature bone.
35
Where does the skeleton sotre 99% of the bodys calcium
- In the hydroxyapatite crystals
36
What is the function of the Parathyroid hormome in hormonal regulation of calcium
- Raises blood calcim levels -Stimulates osteoclasts activity by acting on osteoblast
37
What is the funtion of the hormone Calcitonin in the regulation of calcium
- Lowers blood calcium levels -Inhibits osteoclasts activity
38
Name the 2 hormones resposnible for the regulation of calcium
-Parathyroid hormone -Calcitonin
39
What do joint types determine
The degree of movement between bones
40
Name the 4 different types of joints
-Synarthroses -Synostoses -Syndesmoses -Symphyses
41
What are intervetberal disc composed of
- Fibrocartilage
42
What is the function of intevertebral discs
- Provide support and cushioning
43
What are joints connected and stabilized by
Connective tisues
44
What type of movement does synarthroses have
-Little or no movement
45
What are the synarthroses joints subdivided into
-Synostoses -Syndesmoses -Symphyses
46
Explain the strutcure and movement of synostoses joints
- Bones are fused allowing no movement
47
What are syndesmoses joints joined by
Dense connective tissue
48
What are symphyses joints joined by
- Fibrocartilage pad and thin articular cartilage

Medicine Sem 1 (61 decks)

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