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Medicine Sem 1 > Anatomy week 9 > Flashcards

Anatomy week 9 Flashcards

-Anatomy of pelvis

1
Q

Where is the pelvic region

A
  • An area between the abdomen and lower limb
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2
Q

What does the pelvic region include

A

-Pelvic Cavity
-Perineum

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3
Q

What is the pelvic cavity enclosed by

A
  • Bony pelvis or pelvic girdle
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4
Q

What is the pelvic cavity divided by?
and what is it divided into ?

A
  • Divided by the pelvicbrim into the
  • True pelvis
    -False pelvis
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5
Q

Where is the true pelvis located and what does it contain

A
  • Below the brim, containing the bladder,rectum and pelvic genital structures
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6
Q

Where is the false pelvis

A
  • Above the brim
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7
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Muscular floor seperating true pelvis from the perineum
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8
Q

What is the structrue of the perineum

A

-It is a diamond shaped area that is divided into 2 parts :urogenital and anal triangle
- It contains a perineal membrane dividing the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
- Contains a perineal membrane dividing the urgoenital triangel into
-Deep pouch
-Superficial pouch

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9
Q

What does the false pelvis contain

A

-cecum
-Appendix
-Sigmoid colon
-Small intestinal

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10
Q

What is the iliac crest

A
  • Superior bony landmark
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11
Q

What structures does the perineum in the pelvic cavity drape over

A

-bladder,uterus and pelvic walls

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12
Q

What does the deep pelvic viscera occupy
- What is it continous with

A

Occupies a subperitoneal space that is continuous with the retroperitoneum of the abdomen

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13
Q

What does the perineum lie inferior to
and what are its boundaries

A
  • It lies inferior to the pelvic cavity
    boundaries:
    -pelvic outlet forms its perimeter
    -Pelvic diaphgram is the roof
  • perineal skin forms the floor
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14
Q

What does the urogenital triangle contain

A
  • Contains external genitalia
  • and openings for the urethra and vagina
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15
Q

What does the Anal triangle contain

A

-Contains the anal canal and anal opening which is surrounded by the external anal sphincter

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the Ischioanal fossae

A
  • Has Wedge-shaped , fat filled spaces located in the anal triangle
    -They extend anteriorly into a small recess of the urogenital triangle
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17
Q

What is the pelvic inlet

A

The superior aperture of the bony pelvis

18
Q

-What is the pelvic outlet

A

The inferior aperture of the bony pelvis

19
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of

A
  • Sacrum
    -coccyx
    -2 coxal bones(hip bones)
20
Q

What is the function of the bony pelvis

A
  • Protects the pelvic viscera
    -Stabilises the back
    -Provides attachment for the lower limbs
21
Q

What is the role of the sacrum and coccyx as a component of the pelvic girdle

A

-Forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle

21
Q

How is each hip bone(coxal bones) formed

A
  • Formed by the fusion of the ilium,ischium and pubis
22
Q

Name the 6 key features of the hip bones(coxal bones)

A
  • Superior and inferior pubic ramic
    -ischial spine
    -ischial ramus
    -iliac wing
    -Arcuate line and peritneal line
    Acetabulum
23
Q

Name the joints of the pelvic girdle(pelvic joints) and explain them

A
  • Sacroiliac joints : Synovial joints between sacrum and hip bones.
    Pubic symphysis: Immobile cartilaginous joint at the anterior midline.
24
Q

What is the name of the ligaments that support the pelvic joints

A
  • Sacroiliac ligaments
    -Iliolumbar ligaments
    -Posterior ligaments
    -Sacrotuberous ligaments
    -Sacrospinous ligaments
25
Q

What is the names of the 3 pelvic openings

A
  • Greater sciatic foramen
    -Lesser sciatic foramen
    -Obturator foramen
26
Q

pelvic openings

What is the function of the ischial spine

A

Seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notchs

27
Q

What is the function if the ischial ramus

A

Fuese with the pubic ramus

28
Q

What is the function of the iliac wing

A
  • Forms the iliac fossa and ends at the iliac crest
29
Q

What is the function of the arcuate line and peritneal line

A
  • Forms part of the pelvic inlet
30
Q

What is the function of the :
-Sacroiliac ligaments
-Iliolumbar ligaments
-Posterior ligaments
which support the pelvic joints

A

sacroiliac - Support the sacroiliac joints
-Iliolumbar- Stabilize the lumbar spine and sacrum
-Posterior - secure the sacrum to hip bones

31
Q

Explain where the :
-Sacrotuberous ligaments
-Sacrospinous ligaments
orginate and insert

A
  1. Sacrotuberous ligaments orginates on the sacrum and insert on the ischial tuberosity
  2. originates on the sacrum and inserts on the ischial spine
32
Q

Where do the muscles lining the pelvic wall pass through

A
  • Pass into the gluteal region and attach to the femur and act on the hip joint
33
Q

Explain and describe the role of piriformis

A
  • It lines the posterior pelvic wall
    -And passes through the greater sciatic foramne to the gluteal region
  • Forms a base for the sacroplexus and internal iliac vessels
34
Q

Name the 2 muscles lining the pelvic wall

A
  • Piriformis
    -Obturator internus
35
Q

Describe the Obturator Internus

A

-Lines the sidewall of the pelvis and perineum.
-Its tsendon passes through the lesser sciatic
foramen
-Covered by overlying obturator fascia

36
Q

Explain the structure of the pelvic floor

A
  • Funnel shaped,composed of muscles and consisting of the pelvic digaphragm
  • Which supports the pelvic organs and resists inta abdominal pressure
37
Q

Name the components of the pelvic diaphgram

A
  • Levator Ani
    -Coccugeus
38
Q

Explain the levator Ani

A
  • Largest component in diaphgram
    Consists of 3 parts
    -Pubococcygeus- Anterior Part
    -Iliococcygeus- Middle part
    -Puborectalis- Forms a sling around the anorectum,maintains the anorectal angle
39
Q

Where do the three muscles in the levator Ani arise from?

A
  • They arise from the pubic ramus and the tendinous arch
40
Q

Explain the Coccygeus as a component in the pelvic diaghgram muscles

A

Posterior part
Attach to the sacrum and the ischial spine , adhering to the sacrospinous ligaments

Medicine Sem 1 (33 decks)

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