Anatomy week 9 Flashcards
-Anatomy of pelvis
Where is the pelvic region
- An area between the abdomen and lower limb
What does the pelvic region include
-Pelvic Cavity
-Perineum
What is the pelvic cavity enclosed by
- Bony pelvis or pelvic girdle
What is the pelvic cavity divided by?
and what is it divided into ?
- Divided by the pelvicbrim into the
- True pelvis
-False pelvis
Where is the true pelvis located and what does it contain
- Below the brim, containing the bladder,rectum and pelvic genital structures
Where is the false pelvis
- Above the brim
What is the pelvic diaphragm
- Muscular floor seperating true pelvis from the perineum
What is the structrue of the perineum
-It is a diamond shaped area that is divided into 2 parts :urogenital and anal triangle
- It contains a perineal membrane dividing the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
- Contains a perineal membrane dividing the urgoenital triangel into
-Deep pouch
-Superficial pouch
What does the false pelvis contain
-cecum
-Appendix
-Sigmoid colon
-Small intestinal
What is the iliac crest
- Superior bony landmark
What structures does the perineum in the pelvic cavity drape over
-bladder,uterus and pelvic walls
What does the deep pelvic viscera occupy
- What is it continous with
Occupies a subperitoneal space that is continuous with the retroperitoneum of the abdomen
What does the perineum lie inferior to
and what are its boundaries
- It lies inferior to the pelvic cavity
boundaries:
-pelvic outlet forms its perimeter
-Pelvic diaphgram is the roof - perineal skin forms the floor
What does the urogenital triangle contain
- Contains external genitalia
- and openings for the urethra and vagina
What does the Anal triangle contain
-Contains the anal canal and anal opening which is surrounded by the external anal sphincter
Describe the structure of the Ischioanal fossae
- Has Wedge-shaped , fat filled spaces located in the anal triangle
-They extend anteriorly into a small recess of the urogenital triangle
What is the pelvic inlet
The superior aperture of the bony pelvis
-What is the pelvic outlet
The inferior aperture of the bony pelvis
What does the bony pelvis consist of
- Sacrum
-coccyx
-2 coxal bones(hip bones)
What is the function of the bony pelvis
- Protects the pelvic viscera
-Stabilises the back
-Provides attachment for the lower limbs
What is the role of the sacrum and coccyx as a component of the pelvic girdle
-Forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle
How is each hip bone(coxal bones) formed
- Formed by the fusion of the ilium,ischium and pubis
Name the 6 key features of the hip bones(coxal bones)
- Superior and inferior pubic ramic
-ischial spine
-ischial ramus
-iliac wing
-Arcuate line and peritneal line
Acetabulum
Name the joints of the pelvic girdle(pelvic joints) and explain them
- Sacroiliac joints : Synovial joints between sacrum and hip bones.
Pubic symphysis: Immobile cartilaginous joint at the anterior midline.
What is the name of the ligaments that support the pelvic joints
- Sacroiliac ligaments
-Iliolumbar ligaments
-Posterior ligaments
-Sacrotuberous ligaments
-Sacrospinous ligaments
What is the names of the 3 pelvic openings
- Greater sciatic foramen
-Lesser sciatic foramen
-Obturator foramen
pelvic openings
What is the function of the ischial spine
Seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notchs
What is the function if the ischial ramus
Fuese with the pubic ramus
What is the function of the iliac wing
- Forms the iliac fossa and ends at the iliac crest
What is the function of the arcuate line and peritneal line
- Forms part of the pelvic inlet
What is the function of the :
-Sacroiliac ligaments
-Iliolumbar ligaments
-Posterior ligaments
which support the pelvic joints
sacroiliac - Support the sacroiliac joints
-Iliolumbar- Stabilize the lumbar spine and sacrum
-Posterior - secure the sacrum to hip bones
Explain where the :
-Sacrotuberous ligaments
-Sacrospinous ligaments
orginate and insert
- Sacrotuberous ligaments orginates on the sacrum and insert on the ischial tuberosity
- originates on the sacrum and inserts on the ischial spine
Where do the muscles lining the pelvic wall pass through
- Pass into the gluteal region and attach to the femur and act on the hip joint
Explain and describe the role of piriformis
- It lines the posterior pelvic wall
-And passes through the greater sciatic foramne to the gluteal region - Forms a base for the sacroplexus and internal iliac vessels
Name the 2 muscles lining the pelvic wall
- Piriformis
-Obturator internus
Describe the Obturator Internus
-Lines the sidewall of the pelvis and perineum.
-Its tsendon passes through the lesser sciatic
foramen
-Covered by overlying obturator fascia
Explain the structure of the pelvic floor
- Funnel shaped,composed of muscles and consisting of the pelvic digaphragm
- Which supports the pelvic organs and resists inta abdominal pressure
Name the components of the pelvic diaphgram
- Levator Ani
-Coccugeus
Explain the levator Ani
- Largest component in diaphgram
Consists of 3 parts
-Pubococcygeus- Anterior Part
-Iliococcygeus- Middle part
-Puborectalis- Forms a sling around the anorectum,maintains the anorectal angle
Where do the three muscles in the levator Ani arise from?
- They arise from the pubic ramus and the tendinous arch
Explain the Coccygeus as a component in the pelvic diaghgram muscles
Posterior part
Attach to the sacrum and the ischial spine , adhering to the sacrospinous ligaments
