physiology week 1 + 2 Flashcards
Explain the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum+ what does it contain
- Netwrok of tubules + vesicular structure called cisternae
- Contains protein
Explain the structure of Rough ER
- Contaims ribosomes on its surface for protein synthesis
Explai the structur of smooth ER
- Lacks ribosoems for lipid synthesis
Explain the structure of golgi aparatus
- Stack of 4 or more thin flat closed vesicles
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
Walks with the ER to process package
Explain the interaction with golgi apparatus and ER
- Vesicles pinch of from the ER and carry substances to the golgi apparatus
- Then the substances are processed into lysosomes
What do proteins form
Filaments that contribute that the cells cytoskeleton
What do lipids consist of
Phospholipds, cholesterol, triglycerides
Where are triglycerides stored
In fat cells
What are carbohydrates essential for
cell nutrition and structural support
What is the function of ions
They provide chemicals for cellular reactiosn
What is the function of water
Acts as a medium where cellular chemicals dissolve + reactions occur
Name all the substances that makeup cell collectively
-Water
-Electrolytes
-Proteins
Lipids
carbohydrates
What is the immune system composed of
White blood cells , thymus, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
What is the function of the immune systme
Protetcs the body form pathogens like bacteria, viruses
What does the integumentary system include
- Hair, nails, glands,
What is the function of endorcine glands and organs and tissue
- Secrete hormones that are transpored in the ECF to regulate cellular funtcios
Name the 2 types of proteins and their role
Structural - froms the filamts that conribute to the cytoskeleton
Functional; Catalyses chemical reactions
What does positive feedback lead to
Instability rather than stability
What is the result of negative feedbacl
when the hormone levels are judged to be high, further secretion is inhibited
- And when the hormone levels are judged to be low the secretion of the hormone is stimulated
in the contriol system of the body what happens when a factor becomes excessive or deficient
Initiates a negative feedback which consists of series of changes that return the factor towards a mean value
What are the 2 functions of the immune system
Distinguish their bodys own cells form harmful cells #
- And destroy invaders through phagocytosis and sensitised lymphocytes
What is the role of PTH hormone
Regulates bone calcoum and phosphate levels
What is the role of adrenocorial hormones
Regulate na , k and protein metabolism
What is the role of insulin
controls glucose metabolism
Describe and Name the 3 major parts of the nervous systm
Sensory input- Detects body stste
CNS- composed of the brain and spinal cord
Major outpit- sends signals to carry out body actios
Explain the role of kidneys in the removal of metabolic products
They filter the blood to remove
