Histology end of week 5 Flashcards
What is a pathological change in celiac disease
- Loss of microvilli brush border
What celiac disease
- Immune reaction against the wheat protection gluten.
What does celiac disease lead to
- Malabsorption
How can the changes be reverserd in celiac disease
- When gluten is removed from the diet
What is the structure of cilia
- Long projecting structures
What does the core of cilia consist of
- Nine peripheral microtubular doublets which form an array around 2 central microtubules forming an axoneme
Name the types of epithelia
-Covering(lining) epithelia
- Secretory epithelia
-Glandular epithelia
What is covering(lining) epithelia organised into
- Cell layers:
-Simple: Single layers of cells
-Stratified: Two or more layers of cells
Name the different cell shapes and their features
-Squamous: thin, flattened
-Cuboidal: Cubeshaped
-Columnar: Elongated, Thin
Name the types of covering(lining) epithelia
- Simple epithelia:
-simple squamos
-simple cuboidal
-simple columnar
-Stratified epithelia:
etc
What is kartagener syndrome
- Immotile cilia
What are the symptoms of karatagenr syndrome and cause
-Respiratory infections caused by the lack of cleansing action of the cilia
What is simple squamous epithelium involved in
- Passive transport-diffusion
In simple cuboidal how is the nucles located
Center
In simple columnar epithelial how is the nuclei located
- Towards the base
What does stratified squamos non keratanized epithelium line
- Wet cavities, such as:
-Mouth, vagina, osephagus
Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium found
- Salivary and sweat glands
What does the stratified columnar epithelium line
eyelids
What is transitional epithelium characterosed by
- A superficial layer of large, dome like cells called umbrella cells
What is the function of dome like cells in the transitional epithelium
- Protect the underlying tissues from the hypertonic and cytotoxic effects of urine
Where is transitional epithelium located
- Urinary tract
What do the glandular epithelia cells secrete
- Proteins
-Lipids
-Carbodhydrates
water and electrolytes
Where are secretiosn stored
- Seceretory granules
Where are goblet cells found
- Small intestine respiratory tract
What are the functions of mucus in the lower tract and respiratory tract
-Lower tract: Lubricates the passage of the faeces
-Respiratory tract: Protects the lining from drying
What is the function of goblet cells
- Seceret mucus
What is chronic bronchitis caused by
- The number of the goblet cell in the lining of the lungs are increased
- This leads to excess mucus production, blocking the airways
What are exocrine glands composed of
- Secretory portions and duct
Name the types of secretion
- Merocrine
-Holocrine
-Apocrine
What does merocrine secretion involve
- Exocytosis of protins or glycoproteins
What happens in Halocrine secretion
- The cells accumulate product and release the products and cell debris into the glands lumen
Where is Halocrine secretion seen
- Glands of skin
What happens in Apocrine secretion
- The product accumulates at the cells apical end
What is dysplasia
- Abnormal growth
What is metaplasia
When one type of epithelial tissue(peudostratified columnar epithelial) may undergo transformstion into another type
What is carcinomas
- Malignant tumors of epithelial origin
What is adenocarcinomas
- Malignant tumors derived from glandular epithelial tissue
