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Medicine > Cytology epithelial extra > Flashcards

Cytology epithelial extra Flashcards

1
Q

What types of collagen and other molecules does the basal lamina contain and its function

A
  • Type 4 collagen
  • laminin
    -nidogen
  • Acts as a barrier sepearting the connective tissues from epithelial cells
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2
Q

What does reticular lamina contain

A
  • type 2 and 7 collagen
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3
Q

What is the functions of intracellular junctions

A
  • Communication
  • Adhesion
  • Sealing
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4
Q

Where is tight junctions located
and its function

A
  • At the apical end
  • It forms a seal between cells to prevent the flow of materials( to prevent paracellular transport)
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5
Q

What components does tight junctions contain

A

claudin and occluding proteins

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6
Q

What is the function of Desmosomes

A
  • Provides firm adhesion and resilience against mechanical stress
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7
Q

What does components does desmosomes contain

A
  • Desmoglein
    -Desmoplakins
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8
Q

What does hemidesomes contain

A
  • Integrins
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9
Q

What is the function of hemidesomes

A
  • Attatch the basal domain of an epithelial cell to the subjacent basa lamina
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10
Q

What are the functions of gap junctions

A
  • Allow the exchange of ions and small molecules
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11
Q

Where are adheren junctions

A
  • Encircle cells below tight junctions
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12
Q

What are the functions of adherene junctions

A
  • Links cells to a cytoskeleton networks
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13
Q

What is the function of necrosis

A
  • ruptures cells and release their contents
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14
Q

What is the role of cytochrome C

A
  • Activates caspases, initiating a cascade of protein degradation
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15
Q

What is the structure of intermediate filaments ?

A

coiled rod like diers that form anti parallel tetramers which assemble into large cable like bundkes

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16
Q

give examples of intermediate filaments

A
  • Keratin
  • Neurofilaments
17
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

They synthesize polypeptides by assembling amino acids
- They provide structural support

18
Q

Explain the ribosomes subunits and what they include

A
  • Ribosome has 2 subunits
    -small subunit with rRNA and proteins
    -Large subunit with multiple rRNA molecules and additional proteins
19
Q

How are polyribosomes or polysomes formed?

A
  • when multiple ribosomes bind to the same mRNA strand
20
Q

Name the types of protein synthesis-

A
  • Free polyribosomes
  • ER associated polyribosomes
21
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

A process where cells transport materials from their interior to the extracellular environment by vesicles that fues with the plasma membrane

21
Q

Name the 2 pathways of secretion in exocytosis

A
  • Constitiutive secretion
  • Regulated secretion
22
Q

What is constitutive secretion?

A
  • A continuous process where vesicles deliver materials to the plasma membrane
23
Q

Give an example of a substance delivered in Constitutive secretion

A
  • Collagen subunits for the ECM
24
Q

What is regulated secretion triggered by in exocytosis

A
  • By signals such as the release of digestive enzymes in response to a stimuli
25
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Cellular uptake process

26
Q

What does endocytosis involve

A
  • The cell membrane folding in to form vesicles that internalise macromolecules.
27
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis

A
  • Phagocytosis
    -Pinocytosis
    -Receptor-Mediated endocytosis
28
Q

What happens in phagocytosis?

A
  • It engulfs particles like bacteria using cell extensions.
    phagosomes(vesicles) fuse with lysosomes for content breakdown
29
Q

What happens in pinocytosis

A
  • Small membrane invaginations trap extracelluar fluid, forming pinocytotic vesicles which either release contents across the cell or fuse with lysosomes
30
Q

What happens in receptor-mediated endocytosis

A
  • Cell surface receptors bind specific ligands, forming vesicles with clathrin coated pits .
  • The vesicles then fuse with endosomes for degradation or content sorting

Medicine (11 decks)

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