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Medicine Sem 1 > Anatomy week 13 > Flashcards

Anatomy week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the lower limb

A
  • Gluteal regions
    -Thigh
    -Popliteal and Genual regions
  • Leg
    -Foot:-Dorsal surface
    - Plantar surface
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2
Q

Movements of the joints Upper limb

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction and Adduction

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3
Q

Name 2 types of external and internal rotation

A
  • Inversion(Supination)
    -Eversion(Pronation)
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4
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of

A
  • sacrum,coccyx, 2 coxal (hip bones)
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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of the bony pelvis

A
  • Protects the pelvic viscera
    -Stabilises the neck
    -Provides attatchment for the lower limbs
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6
Q

What does the sacrum and coccyx form

A
  • Posterior wall of the pelvic girdle
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7
Q

How are hip bones formed

A

-Formed by the fusion of the ilium,ishchium and pubis

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8
Q

Name the key features of the Hip bones

A

-Superior and inferior pubic ramic
-Ischial spine
-Ischial rums
-Ishcial wing
-Arcuate line and peritneal line
-Acetabulum

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9
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior pubic ramic

A
  • ## Forms the obturator foramen
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10
Q

What is the function of the ischial spine

A
  • Seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notches
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11
Q

What is the function of the ischial ramus

A
  • Fuses with the pubic ramus
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12
Q

What is the femur

A
  • Long bone of the thigh
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13
Q

What is the function of the head of the femur

A
  • Articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone
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14
Q

What is the function of the neck part of the femur bone

A
  • It connects the shaft(body) to the head
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15
Q

What is sites for muscle attachment in the femur bone

A

-Greater and lesser trochanters

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16
Q

What is the function of the Medial and lateral epicondyles

A

Ligament attachment sites

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17
Q

What is the patella

A

It is a large sesamoid bone which forms the knee capp

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18
Q

What does the patella articulate with

A
  • It articulates with the distal femur
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19
Q

Where is the base of the patella attched to

A

Quadriceps tendon

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20
Q

Where is the apex of the patella attached to

A

Patellar ligament

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21
Q

What is the tibia

A
  • Large, medial bone of the leg
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22
Q

What does the Tibia articulate with proximally

A
  • Femur
    -And the fibula at the tibiofibular joint
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23
Q

What are the 2 anatomical features of the tibia

A
  • Tibial tuberosity
    -Medial Malleolus
24
Q

What is the funcion of the interosseous membrane in the tibia+fibula

A
  • Connects the shaft of the tibia and fibula adding stability
25
Q

What does the Fibula head articulate with

A
  • Lateral condyle of the tibia
26
Q

Name the 7 bones in the foot

A

– Talus
-Calcaneus
-Navicular
-Cuboid
-Cuneiform
-Metarsal bones
-Phalanges

27
Q

What is the most superior tarsal bone

A

-Talus

28
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone

A

-Calcaneus

29
Q

Explain the metatarsal bones and what it articualtes with

A

-Consists of 5 long bones
-Their heads articulate with the phalanges

30
Q

Explain the phalanges+ structure

A
  • They are small long bones
    -Each csn be divided into distal,middle and proximal phalalnges from the 2nd to 5th bone
31
Q

Explain the structure, location hip joint

A
  • It is a highly mobile ball and socket joint between the proximal femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone
32
Q

What surrounds the hip joint

A
  • Strong fibrous capsule
33
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments that the joint capsule of the hip joint is reinforced by

A

Iliofemoral ligament
-Pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligament

34
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint

A
  • Deepens the joint and enhances stability
35
Q

What are symptoms of Congenital Hip dislocation(Hip Dysplasia)

A
  • Impaired hip abduction
    -And the affected limb is shorter
36
Q

What is the cause of Hip dysplasia(Congenital Hip dislocation)

A
  • When the femoral head is not seated in the acetabulum
37
Q

What causes Acquired Hip dislocation

A
  • Occurs due to trauma , causing the femoaral head to be displaced out the acetabulum
38
Q

Name they types of Acquired Hip dislocation and their frequency

A
  • Posterior dislocation-Most common
  • Anterior dislocations-Rare
39
Q

What are key symptoma of Acquired Hip dislocation

A

-Sciatic nerve is vulnerable
-Affected limb appaears shorter

40
Q

Explain the structure of the knee joint
+ articulations

A
  • Modified hinge joint involving:
  • Medial and lateral articulations between the femur and tibia
    -Articulation between the femur and patella
41
Q

What movements does the knee joint have

A
  • Flexion
    -Extension
    -Rotation
    -Sliding
42
Q

What does the patella articulate with

A
  • Femur
43
Q

What helps with stability in the joints

A
  • Ligaments and muscle
44
Q

Name the 4 extrascapular ligaments in the knee joint-

A

-Patellar ligament
-Collateral ligament
-Oblique popliteal ligaments
-Arcuate popliteal ligament

45
Q

What is the function of the extracapular ligaments in the knee joint

A

They support the fibrous capsule

46
Q

What is the name of the 3 intra-articular ligaments in the knee joint

A
  • Cruciate ligaments:
    anterior and posterior
    -Transverse ligaments
    -Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
47
Q

What is the function of the intra-articular ligaments in the knee joint

A
  • Provide movement stability and orevent anterior/posterior dislocations
48
Q

Explain the structure of the ankle joint (only the articulations)

A
  • Includes articulations between the
    -Distal tibia and fibula
    -Talus
49
Q

Explain the ligaments in the ankle joint

A
  • Collateral talocrural ligaments
50
Q

When in dorsiflexion, explain the sructure of the ankle

A

Ankle is tighter and more stable

51
Q

When in plantar flexion explain the structure of the ankle joint

A
  • Ankle is looser and stable
52
Q

Describe the palm surface anatomy

A
  • Thickened skin iwth numerous sweat gland
53
Q

Name the muscular compartments of the Palm

A
  • Thenar compartments
    -Hypothenar compartments
    -Central compartments
    -Interosseous compartments
54
Q

What type of muscles does the :
-Thenar
-Hypothenar
-Central
-interosseous contain

A

-thenar-contains muscles that abduct,flex and oppose
-Hypothenar:- Contains muscles that flex, abduct
-Central: Muscles that flex and extend
-Interosseous: muscles that abduct and adduct

55
Q

What are the joins of the hand and fingers moved by

A

-forearm muscles
-intrinsic hand musckes

56
Q

Name the 2 flexor tendons

A

-FDS
-FDP

Medicine Sem 1 (33 decks)

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