Anatomy week 13 Flashcards
What are the regions of the lower limb
- Gluteal regions
-Thigh
-Popliteal and Genual regions - Leg
-Foot:-Dorsal surface
- Plantar surface
Movements of the joints Upper limb
-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction and Adduction
Name 2 types of external and internal rotation
- Inversion(Supination)
-Eversion(Pronation)
What does the bony pelvis consist of
- sacrum,coccyx, 2 coxal (hip bones)
What are the 3 functions of the bony pelvis
- Protects the pelvic viscera
-Stabilises the neck
-Provides attatchment for the lower limbs
What does the sacrum and coccyx form
- Posterior wall of the pelvic girdle
How are hip bones formed
-Formed by the fusion of the ilium,ishchium and pubis
Name the key features of the Hip bones
-Superior and inferior pubic ramic
-Ischial spine
-Ischial rums
-Ishcial wing
-Arcuate line and peritneal line
-Acetabulum
What is the function of the superior and inferior pubic ramic
- ## Forms the obturator foramen
What is the function of the ischial spine
- Seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notches
What is the function of the ischial ramus
- Fuses with the pubic ramus
What is the femur
- Long bone of the thigh
What is the function of the head of the femur
- Articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone
What is the function of the neck part of the femur bone
- It connects the shaft(body) to the head
What is sites for muscle attachment in the femur bone
-Greater and lesser trochanters
What is the function of the Medial and lateral epicondyles
Ligament attachment sites
What is the patella
It is a large sesamoid bone which forms the knee capp
What does the patella articulate with
- It articulates with the distal femur
Where is the base of the patella attched to
Quadriceps tendon
Where is the apex of the patella attached to
Patellar ligament
What is the tibia
- Large, medial bone of the leg
What does the Tibia articulate with proximally
- Femur
-And the fibula at the tibiofibular joint
What are the 2 anatomical features of the tibia
- Tibial tuberosity
-Medial Malleolus
What is the funcion of the interosseous membrane in the tibia+fibula
- Connects the shaft of the tibia and fibula adding stability
What does the Fibula head articulate with
- Lateral condyle of the tibia
Name the 7 bones in the foot
– Talus
-Calcaneus
-Navicular
-Cuboid
-Cuneiform
-Metarsal bones
-Phalanges
What is the most superior tarsal bone
-Talus
What is the largest tarsal bone
-Calcaneus
Explain the metatarsal bones and what it articualtes with
-Consists of 5 long bones
-Their heads articulate with the phalanges
Explain the phalanges+ structure
- They are small long bones
-Each csn be divided into distal,middle and proximal phalalnges from the 2nd to 5th bone
Explain the structure, location hip joint
- It is a highly mobile ball and socket joint between the proximal femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone
What surrounds the hip joint
- Strong fibrous capsule
Name the extracapsular ligaments that the joint capsule of the hip joint is reinforced by
Iliofemoral ligament
-Pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligament
What is the function of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint
- Deepens the joint and enhances stability
What are symptoms of Congenital Hip dislocation(Hip Dysplasia)
- Impaired hip abduction
-And the affected limb is shorter
What is the cause of Hip dysplasia(Congenital Hip dislocation)
- When the femoral head is not seated in the acetabulum
What causes Acquired Hip dislocation
- Occurs due to trauma , causing the femoaral head to be displaced out the acetabulum
Name they types of Acquired Hip dislocation and their frequency
- Posterior dislocation-Most common
- Anterior dislocations-Rare
What are key symptoma of Acquired Hip dislocation
-Sciatic nerve is vulnerable
-Affected limb appaears shorter
Explain the structure of the knee joint
+ articulations
- Modified hinge joint involving:
- Medial and lateral articulations between the femur and tibia
-Articulation between the femur and patella
What movements does the knee joint have
- Flexion
-Extension
-Rotation
-Sliding
What does the patella articulate with
- Femur
What helps with stability in the joints
- Ligaments and muscle
Name the 4 extrascapular ligaments in the knee joint-
-Patellar ligament
-Collateral ligament
-Oblique popliteal ligaments
-Arcuate popliteal ligament
What is the function of the extracapular ligaments in the knee joint
They support the fibrous capsule
What is the name of the 3 intra-articular ligaments in the knee joint
- Cruciate ligaments:
anterior and posterior
-Transverse ligaments
-Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
What is the function of the intra-articular ligaments in the knee joint
- Provide movement stability and orevent anterior/posterior dislocations
Explain the structure of the ankle joint (only the articulations)
- Includes articulations between the
-Distal tibia and fibula
-Talus
Explain the ligaments in the ankle joint
- Collateral talocrural ligaments
When in dorsiflexion, explain the sructure of the ankle
Ankle is tighter and more stable
When in plantar flexion explain the structure of the ankle joint
- Ankle is looser and stable
Describe the palm surface anatomy
- Thickened skin iwth numerous sweat gland
Name the muscular compartments of the Palm
- Thenar compartments
-Hypothenar compartments
-Central compartments
-Interosseous compartments
What type of muscles does the :
-Thenar
-Hypothenar
-Central
-interosseous contain
-thenar-contains muscles that abduct,flex and oppose
-Hypothenar:- Contains muscles that flex, abduct
-Central: Muscles that flex and extend
-Interosseous: muscles that abduct and adduct
What are the joins of the hand and fingers moved by
-forearm muscles
-intrinsic hand musckes
Name the 2 flexor tendons
-FDS
-FDP
