Embryology week 14

Question 1

What is the 2 periods human development is divided into

Answer 1

• Prenatal (before birth)
  -Postnatal(after birth)

Question 2

The development of a human from fertilization of an oocyte to birth is divided into what types of periods

Answer 2

• Embryonic and fatal

Question 3

Explain the embryonic period:
-When it occurs
-And what it contains

Answer 3

• During week 3 -8
  -Contains rapid visible development

Question 4

Explain what happens in the fetal period

Answer 4

-Differentiation,Organ growth, and accelerated body growth

Question 5

What does stage 1 of embryonic development begin as

Answer 5

• Fertilization

Question 6

When does embryonic development end

Answer 6

• At stage 23 , which is day 56

Question 7

When does critical development occur

Answer 7

• During the first trimester(13 weeks)

Question 8

What does the Prenatal period incude

Answer 8

Embryonic period
Fetal period

Question 9

What does the postnatal period contain

Answer 9

• Infancy, Childhood, Puberty and adulthood

Question 10

Explain infancy and what happens during infancy

Answer 10

• Body grows rapidly, weight triples, 6-8 teeth emerge by age 1

Question 11

What is an infant age 1 month or younger

Answer 11

neonate

Question 12

Explain when Childhood occurs
- What it contains

Answer 12

• Between infancy and puberty
  -Activebone ossification , apperance of primary teeth
• Growth slows

Question 13

When does puberty begin for males and females

Answer 13

• Around age 8 for females and age 9 males

Question 14

What does puberty mark

Answer 14

• Functional reproductive capability

Question 15

In adulthood when is full growth and maturity achieved

Answer 15

Ages 18-21

Question 16

What is the definition of gametogenesis

Answer 16

• It is the formation and development of specialised reproductive cells (gametes)
  from biopotential precursor cells

Question 17

Name the types of gametogenesis and what it is

Answer 17

• Spermatogenesis( male gamete formation)
  -Oogenesis(female gamete formation)

Question 18

What is the definition of Meiosis

Answer 18

-Cell division involving 2 meiotic divisions

Question 19

What is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 19

Converts diploid germ cells into haploid gametes

Question 20

Explain what happens in the first meiotic division to the :
1.Chromosomes
2.Homologous chromosomes in prophase and anaphase
3.What It results in

Answer 20

1.The chromosome number is reduced from from (diploid )46 to 23 (haploid)
2. Homologous chromosomes pair in prophase and seperate in anaphase
2. Haploid cells

Question 21

What does the second meiotic division occur without

Answer 21

DNA replication

Question 22

What happens in second Meiotic division

Answer 22

Double -Chromatid chromosome divide into single-chromatid chromosomes

Question 23

What does the Second Meiotic division start with

Answer 23

Haploid cells

Question 24

What is the purpose of spermatogenesis

Answer 24

• Transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperm

Question 25

When does spermatogenesis begin and occur

Answer 25

• At puberty
• Occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 26

Explain the stages of spermatogenesis

Answer 26

• Spermatogonia undergo mitotic divison
  -Primary spermatocytes undergo first meiotic divison, producing secondary spermatocytes
• Secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic divison , forming 4 haploid spermatids

Question 27

What is spermiogenesis
-How long does it take

Answer 27

When spermatids mature into functional sperm and takes 2 months

Question 28

What is the role of sertoli cells

Answer 28

They support nurture and regulate spermatogenesis

Question 29

Where is sperm stored,matured and gains motility

Answer 29

• In the epididymis

Question 30

What does the sperm head contain

Answer 30

• Nucleus and acrosomes (enzymes for digestion)

Question 31

What is the function of the tail of the sperm

Answer 31

-Enables movement , powered by mitochondria

Question 32

What is Oogenesis

Answer 32

• Where oogonia transforms into mature ooctyes

Question 33

When does oogonia become occytes

Answer 33

Before birth

Question 34

When does oogenesis end/ continue to

Answer 34

• Until menopause