Anatomy week 15 part 2 Flashcards
How do femoral hernias occur
- When the intestinal contntes pass through the femoral ring and femoral canal
Where do femoral hernias appear
Femoral Triangle
Where are femoral hernias located
Below the inguinal ligament
Where are Inguinal hernias located
Above the inguinal ligament
What is the Popliteal Fossa
- Diamon shaped space posterior to the knee joint
Name the muscular boundaries of the popliteal fossa
-Superomedially, the semimembranous muscle
-Superolaterally, biceps femoris
-Inferiorly, Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius
What are the contents of the politeal fossa, which are embedded in fat
-Popliteal artery and vein
-Popliteal lymph nodes
-Tibial and common fibular nerves
In the popliteal fossa Name the 2 branches the sciatic nerve splits into
- The tibial nerve
-The common Fibular nerve
What type of bones from the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
- Tarsal and metatarsal
What are the functions of the arches
-Distribute weight onto the heel and ball of the foot.
-Act as shock absorbers during movement.
-Enhance flexibility on uneven surfaces.
Name the Types of arches
- Longtiudinal Arch, which contains medial and lateral parts/arches
-Transverse Arch
What forms the Medial part/ arch of the longitudinal arch
- Talus, navicular, cuneiforms, medial metatarsals
What forms the lateral part/arch of the longitudinal arch
Formed by the :
- Calcaneus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals
What is the Transverse Arch formed by
- Cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of the metatarsals
What is the archs supported by
- Active stabilizers (Muscles)
-Passive stabilizers(Ligaments)
Name the parts of the Active stabilizers and explain them
- Leg muscles: Tibialis posterior and fibularis longus
-Foot muscles: Short flexors, abductors and adductors
Name the passive stabilizers that support the arch
- Plantar Aponeurosis
-Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
-Long plantar ligament - Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
What is Pes planus know as
Flat foot
What is Pes Planus(Flat foot)
When both active (muscles) and passive (ligaments) stabilizers of the medial longitudinal arch are weak or absent.
What is the cause of flat foot
- The head of the talus is unsupported, forefoot eversion and abduction, and increased stress on the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.
How is weight transfered in the foot
- From the tibia through the Talus and to the heel and ball of the foot
What is the ankle joint formed by
- Distal tibia, fibula and talus
In dorsiflexion is the ankle joint more or less stable
More stable
In plantar flexion is the ankle joint more or less flexible
- Less stable
Name the ligaments of the Ankle
- Collateral Talocrural Ligaments
- Medial(Deltoid ) Ligaments
- Lateral Ligaments
What is the fuction of the Collateral Talocurcual Ligament of the ankle
Connects the tibia and fibula to the tarsal bones
Explain the dorsum of the foot+
- Name the 2 intrinsic muscles in the doral muscular compartment
- Thin loose skin
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor hallucis brevis
Name the muscular compartments of the sole
- medial compartment
- Central compartment
- Lateral compartment
Interosseous compartments
What do all the muscular compartments of the sole contain
-Medial Compartment: Abductor & flexors of the big toe (hallux).
-Central Compartment: Short & long flexors of toes (2-4), adductor hallucis, lumbricals, quadratus plantae.
-Lateral Compartment: Abductor & flexor of the little toe (5th digit).
Interosseous -Compartment: Contains interossei muscles.
What are the functions of the Plantar Aponeurosis(2)
- Protects the sole from injury
- Supports the foot arches
Where does the Plantar Aponeurosis orginate from
Calcaneus
