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Jorge FCP > Pharmacology, anti-parasiticides & chemotherapeutic  > Flashcards

Pharmacology, anti-parasiticides & chemotherapeutic  Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major types of parasiticides?

A

ectoparasiticides
endoparasiticides
endectocides (kill internal and external parasites)

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2
Q

What is function of anthelmintics?

A

used to treat infections of animals with parasitic worms/helminths. These include flat worms, e.g., flukes (trematodes) and tapeworms (cestodes), and round worms (nematodes)

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3
Q

What are the different targets of anthelmintics?

A

Beta-tubulin
Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor
GABA receptor and Glutamate-gated chloride channel

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4
Q

What are the major classes of anthelmintic drugs?

A

organophosphates
benzimidazoles
Tetrahydropyrimidines/
imidazothiazoles
Salicylanilides
Pyrazinoisoquinolones
Sulphonamide
Hexahydropyrazine
Macrocyclic lactones
cyclic octadepsipeptide
Aminoacetonitrile derivatives
Spiroindole

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5
Q

Give examples of organophosphates used as anthelmintics

A

Dichlorvos
Haloxon
Napthalofos

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6
Q

Give examples of benzimidazoles used as anthelmintics

A

Albendazole
Febantel
Fenbendazole
Flubendazole
Mebendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxibendazole
Thiabendazole

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7
Q

Give examples of salicylanilides as anthelmintics

A

Closantel
Rafoxanide

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8
Q

Give examples of Pyrazinoisoquinolones
used as anthelmintics

A

Praziquantel
Epsiprantel

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9
Q

Give examples of sulphonamides used as anthelmintics

A

Clorsulon

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10
Q

Give examples of Tetrahydropyrimidines/
imidazothiazoles used as anthelmintics

A

Levamisole
Morantel
Pyrantel
Oxantel

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11
Q

Give examples of Hexahydropyrazines used as anthelmintics

A

piperazine and its derivative diethylcarbamazine

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12
Q

Give examples of Macrocyclic lactones used as anthelmintics

A

Abamectin
Doramectin
Eprinomectin
Ivermectin
Moxidectin
Milbemycin oxime
Selamectin

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13
Q

Describe the mode of action of benzimidazoles

A

Bind to β-tubulin – inhibition/blockage of polymerization (assembly of dimers), causing abnormal microtubule formation and disrupts intracellular homeostasis and energy metabolism => starvation

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14
Q

Describe the neurological control of entoparasite movement

A

Control of antagonistic neurones
Excitatory (ACh containing) neurones and inhibitory (GABA containing) neurones

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15
Q

Describe the actions of drugs that target GABA containing neurones

A

Act as GABA agonists - stimulate GABA containing neurones - opens voltage gated channels - hyperpolarisation of neurones - excessive relaxation of muscles => flaccid paralysis

Blocks the response of the cholinergic receptors - alters membrane ion permeability - causes hyperpolarisation => flaccid paralysis (piperazine)
OR
activate glutamate gated chloride channels - influx of Cl- => flaccid paralysis (macrocyclic lactones)

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16
Q

what classes of anthelmintics target the GABA containing neurones of endoparasites?

A

piperazine
macrocyclic lactones

17
Q

Describe the mode of action of anthelmintics that target ACh containing neurones of endoparasites

A

Agonists of nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors - changes permeability of post-synaptic membrane - influx of ions => spastic paralysis

18
Q

What class of anthelmintics target the ACh containing neurones of endoparasites

A

Tetrahydropyrimidines/ imidazothiazoles

19
Q

Give examples of Cyclic octadepsipeptides that act as anthelmintics

A

Nitroxynil
emodepside

20
Q

Give examples of Aminoacetonitrile derivatives
that act as anthelmintics

A

Monepental

21
Q

Give examples of spiroindoles that act as anthelmintics

A

Derquantel
abamectin

22
Q

What is the mode of action of Cyclic octadepsipeptides?

A

Acts on a specific class of transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs, depsiphilins) latrophilin receptor class (flaccid paralysis of pharynx)

23
Q

What is the mode of action of Aminoacetonitrile derivatives?

A

interfere with MPTL-1 receptors, a unique kind of Ach receptor (spastic paralysis of body wall)

24
Q

What is the mode of action of spiroindoles?

A

Acetylcholine antagonist, causing ‘flaccid paralysis’ and expulsion of parasites

25
Q

What is the mode of action of levamisole?

A

Jorge FCP (59 decks)

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