Disinfection Flashcards
Define biosecurity
stopping infection coming onto site
What is the aim of disinfection?
Processes to:
Reduce Infection (& reinfection)
Reduce spread of fomites on surfaces
Effective management of infected material.
Effective cleaning
What are the 4 levels of cleaning?
Physical cleaning: Removal of or material contamination.
Sanitation: Application of chemical reduce contamination
Disinfection: Use of licenced product to kill pathogens (virus, bacteria & parasites) variable efficacy on spores.
Sterilisation: Validated inactivation of pathogens including spores.
Finish this diagram
What considerations are there for the use of disinfectants?
General damaging action of cells and viruses
Potential harm to self/patient
Some toxic so tainting a risk
Hypersensitivity
What are the components of infection control plans?
Admission process and planning
Hygiene protocols (cleaning, PPE, bedding etc.)
Waste Management
What can be done to prevent spread of infection via the faecal-oral route in practice?
Thorough cleaning guidelines for all animal contact items and surfaces
Food rotated first in first out basis (i.e. not constantly topped up)
Food stored where pest can not get in (i.e. rodents on farms)
Waste and Food streams kept separate
Isolation units for patients with suspected/diagnosed infectious disease
Routine to clean areas of exercise /general areas
Prompt cleaning of bodily fluids where patient traffic may occur
Give examples of how contacts can be controlled in an infectious case
Limit number of staff with direct contact with infectious patients
Reduce congestion in waiting areas to reduce contact time
Cleaning protocols for stalls, pens, carriers are vital
Use barrier controls to prevent inadvertent contamination between patients.
Ensure all wounds / draining tracks covered
Promptly clean up bodily excretions
Use disposable items where possible
Sequence rounds: i.e. Where have mix of boarding and hospitalized patients – tend to boarded animals first
Give examples of methods to prevent spread of infection via fomites
Hands are a source of transmission; wash frequently/wear disposable gloves
Where possible have hands free sinks and towel dispensers
Have routine checks on dispensers
Avoid ‘topping off’ of dispensers (policy of total refills)
Change PPE where soiled or dirty
Ensure adequate washing of PPE
Clean and disinfect shoes/boots routinely
Have dedicated footwear for work purposes
Equipment: Clean all equipment that is used on patient before reuse
Give examples of intervention strategies on farm facilities
Never use manure buckets to move feed
Pest control, insect repellents
House different ages groups separately
Minimise manure run-off/have adequate storage
Drain areas with standing water
Advise clients to isolate incoming animals / returning patients
Have foot bath/protective clothing available for visitors (spray down vehicles)
Have a routine protocol for biosecurity
Put in step-over barriers
On top of this husbandry space, aeration of areas and isolation etc.
Describe infection control of streptococcus equi
Consider route of infection close contact and aerosols.
Cleaning spaces areas vans etc. – to remove organics material followed by disinfection.
Avoid creating aerosols as route of infection.
S. equi relatively susceptible to disinfection
Common products can be used hypochlorite’s (such as household bleach)
Correct contact time.
No evidence of survival of agent on pastures but good practice would be to rest areas for several weeks to reduce risk.
Describe infection control of salmonella
Isolation of positive cases.
Sequence rounds contacting isolated animals last
Use protective clothing suitable for infection control.
Consider separate equipment.
Manage waste corrects (i.e. NOT to where it can spread infection)
Cleaning before disinfection (reduce organic material as reduces effectiveness of disinfectant)
Reduce traffic to area (people and vehicles to essential with sequencing)
Describe infection control of parvovirus
Barrier controls
PPE management + hygiene
Disinfectant Hypochlorite (household bleach) for 1 hr contact
What possible methods can be used to remove prions from an environment?
Autoclaving at higher temperature for longer
Soaking in Sodium Hypochlorite or Sodium hydroxide
