PALS

Question 1

Defibrillation Doses

Answer 1

Initial Dose: 2 joules/kg

Subsequent: 4 joules/kg

Question 2

Cardioversion

Answer 2

Initial Shock: 0.5-1 joule/kg

Subsequent Shock: 2 joules/kg

Question 3

Pediatric Systolic BP calculation

AGE 1-10yo

Answer 3

(Age in years x2) + 70= average systolic BP

Ex. Average BP of a 3yo child= 76mmHg

Hypotension of Patients

• Newborn to 3 months <60
• Infants 1 to 12 months <70
• Children 1 to 10 years <70
• Children >10 years <90

Question 4

DOPE Intubation

Answer 4

D- dislodged tube
O- obstruction
P- tension pneumothorax
E- equipment

Question 5

Cardiac Arrest Drugs

Answer 5

Epinephrine:
IV/IO- 0.01mg/kg (0.1mL/kg of 1:10,000 concentration) Repeat q 3-5 minutes

   ET: 0.1mg/kg (0.1mL/kg of 1:1000 concentration)

Amiodarone:
5mg/kg bolus, may repeat 2 times for refractory VF/pulseless VT

Question 6

GCS

Answer 6

Mild Head Injury- GCS score 13-15
Moderate Head Injury- GCS score 9-12
Severe Head Injury- GCS score 3-8

Question 7

BGL for pedis

Answer 7

Normal BGL:
preterm to term neonates <45 mg/dL
Infants/Children/Adolescents <60 mg/dL

Question 8

Primary Assessment

Airway
Breathing 
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

Answer 8

Airway- complete or severe obstruction

Breathing- Apnea, increased work of breathing, bradypnea

Circulation- absence of palpable pulses, poor perfusion, hypotension, bradycardia

Disability- unresponsiveness, decreased level of consciousness

Exposure- significant hypothermia, significant bleeding, petechiae(tiny red dots-low platelets) or purpura(non blanching purple color from bleeding capillaries) consistent with septic shock

Question 9

ET Pedi Tube Size

Answer 9

Uncuffed: (Age)/4+4
Cuffed: (Age)/4+3

Question 10

Shock

Answer 10

Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock- inadequate blood volume or oxygen carrying capacity

Distributive- inappropriate distribution of blood volume and flow

Cardiogenic Shock- Impaired cardiac contractility

Obstructive Shock- Obstructed blood Flow

Question 11

Cardiac Output= the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Answer 11

Cardiac Output= Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Question 12

Breath Rates

Answer 12

Pedi non intubated 1 breath q 3-5sec

Pedi tubed: 1 breath q 6-8 sec

Neonates: 1 breath/sec

Question 13

Newborn Hypoglycemia

Answer 13

BGL <40. Give 0.5-1g/kg 0.5-1g/kg slow IV/IO (D10 or D25)

Question 14

Pediatric assessment triangle

Answer 14

Warm, dry, position, suction, stimulate

Oxygen

Establish effective ventilation
Endotracheal intubation

Chest Compressions

Medications