Nouns Flashcards
What is the order of suffixes for a noun stem
plural, possessive, case, tense, person
what is the derivational suffix for profession
-CI
Book
kitap
book seller
kitapçı
wrestling
güreş
wrestler
güreşçi
art
sanat
artist
sanatçı
bus stop
durak
plane
uçak
knowledge
bilgi
love
sevgi
knitting
örgü
search, calling
arama
sticker
çıkartma
science
bilim
food
yiyecek
drink
içecek
clothes
giyecek
viewer
izleyici
reader
okuyucu
nurse, babysitter
bakıcı
look, view
bakış
sale
satış
flight
uçuş
meal
yemek
work of art
yapıt
inspiration
esin
literature
yazın
diver
dalgıç
filter, strainer
süzgeç
length
uzunluk
happiness
mutlukuk
childhood
çocukluk
What is the locative
indicates the location from which, or place through which, an action happened.
What is the locative suffix and what are its variations
-DA
Consonant assimilation: d KEPT FISH and ş , ç
e, i, ü, ö - e
a, ı, u, o - a
London is in England.
Londra İngiltere’de.
Istanbul is in the west
İstanbul batıda
Erzurum is in the east
Erzurum doğuda
Sinop is in the north
Sinop kuzeyde.
Mr. Mustafa is in the office.
Mustafa Bey ofiste.
Metin is in Kas, on vacation.
Metin Kaş’ta, tatilde.
What happens when the locative case is attached to a noun that has a third person possessive, or compound marker?
(s)I - always have the -n before the case marker, when -n is present, the locative case always appears with -d becaue -n is a voiced consonant.
In the car
in the baby carriage
araba-da
bebek arabası-nda
in the bag
In Osman’s bag
çanta-da
Osman’ın çantası-nda
in the university
In the university of Istanbul
üniversite-de
İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde
In Ankara
Ankara’da
In turkey
Türkiye’de
at home
Evde
in China
Çin’de
In Japan
Japonya’da
In Pakistan
Pakistan’da
in the office
Ofiste.
in school
Okulda
In class.
Sınıfta.
in the bank
Bankada.
When is the dative used?
Marks the direction of the action, often with intransitive words.
Marks the indirect object of ‘to give’, ‘to put’ etc
When a transitive word is causativized (let them do something), the agent (them) is dative
What are the dative verbs:
kızmak - to be angry at someone
bakmak - to look at
katılmak - to join, participate
inanmak - to believe
binmek - to get on
teşekkür etmek - to thank
telefon etmek - to telephone
soru sormak - to ask a question
cevap vermek - to answer a question
vurmak - to strike, to hit
güvenmek - to trust
When is the dative used in time expressions
For time expressions with ‘to’ as in ‘quarter to five’, not for ‘past’ expressions which are in the accusative
What is dative suffix and its vowel harmony
after a, ı, u, o, it appears as
-(y)a
After e, i, ü, ö, it appears as -(y)e
The suffix -y appears between the word stem and the dative case whenever the word ends
in a vowel. -n appears whenever the word has a possessive (or compound) marker -(s)I, and
the dative case is attached to the possessive marker
what are the pronoun exceptions in the dative case
O (he/she) becomes ona, not oya
ben and sen (I and you) become bana and sana
bu (this) becomes buna, not buya
Şu (that) becomes Şuna, not Şuya
What are the exceptions in grammar and spelling for the dative case
after proper names, it is written with (‘)
when it comes after a word ending in k, k becomes ğ. In proper names, it is written as k, but pronounced as ğ.
Multisyllabic words ending in ç undergo sound change and become c.
car dative
arabaya
dative of Ankara
Ankara’ya
street (dative)
sokak
sokağa
Letter (post) dat
mektup
mektuba
girl dat
kız
kıza
kid dat
çocuk
çocuğa
telephone dat
telefon
telefona
question dat
soru
soruya
table dat
masa
masaya
tree dat
ağaç
ağaca
kitchen dat
mutfak
mutfağa
village dat
köy
köye
apple dat
elma
elmaya
What is the ablative
marks the source of action (from, off)
used in comparisons to mean ‘more than’
ablative vowel and consonant harmony
-DAn
a, ı, u, o + dan
e, i, u, ü, ö + den
t-d consonant assimilation
car ablative
araba
arabadan
street abl
sokak
sokaktan
girl abl
kız
kızdan
bath house abl
hamam
hamamdan
clothing abl
elbise
elbiseden
Ankara abl
Ankara’dan
boy abl
çokuk
çokuktan
telephone abl
telefon
telefondan
question abl
soru
sorudan
table abl
masa
masadan
letter (post) abl
mektup
mektuptan
tree abl
ağaç
ağaçtan
kitchen abl
mutfak
mutfaktan
When is the acc used
direct objects, though dropped when the object is indefinite
what is the acc suffix with harmonisation
-(y)I. I-type harmony
-y is dropped when attached to consonant ending words
after the possessive or compound markers and pronouns, the suffix is nı, ni, nu, nü
Ayşe is reading a book
Ayşe is reading the book
Ayşe kitap okuyor
Ayşe kitabı okuyor
I want to eat an apple
I want to eat the apple
Ben elma yemek istiyorum.
Ben elmayı yemek istiyorum
I am looking for a secretary
I am looking for the secretary
Sekreter arıyorum.
Sekreteri arıyorum
I saw Mr. Mehmet at Akmerkez yesterday
Dün Akmerkez’de Mehmet Bey’i gördüm
Hasan loves Aisha
Hasan Ayşe’yi seviyor
I love you
Seni seviyorum.
I don’t understand him.
Onu anlamıyorum.
Do you see this?
bunu görüyor musunuz
We are reading this book
Bu kitabı okuyoruz
Do you recognise that man?
O adamı tanıyor musunuz?
Do you know the man taking pictures in the garden?
Do you know the man in the garden?
Bahçede fotoğraf çeken adamı tanıyor musunuz?
Bahçedeki adamı tanıyor musunuz?
I’m doing all the exercises
bütün alıştırmaları yapıyorum
I read every book
Her kitabı okudum
Which newspaper do you want?
Hangi gazeteyi istiyorsun?