Nouns Flashcards
What is the order of suffixes for a noun stem
plural, possessive, case, tense, person
what is the derivational suffix for profession
-CI
Book
kitap
book seller
kitapçı
wrestling
güreş
wrestler
güreşçi
art
sanat
artist
sanatçı
bus stop
durak
plane
uçak
knowledge
bilgi
love
sevgi
knitting
örgü
search, calling
arama
sticker
çıkartma
science
bilim
food
yiyecek
drink
içecek
clothes
giyecek
viewer
izleyici
reader
okuyucu
nurse, babysitter
bakıcı
look, view
bakış
sale
satış
flight
uçuş
meal
yemek
work of art
yapıt
inspiration
esin
literature
yazın
diver
dalgıç
filter, strainer
süzgeç
length
uzunluk
happiness
mutlukuk
childhood
çocukluk
What is the locative
indicates the location from which, or place through which, an action happened.
What is the locative suffix and what are its variations
-DA
Consonant assimilation: d KEPT FISH and ş , ç
e, i, ü, ö - e
a, ı, u, o - a
London is in England.
Londra İngiltere’de.
Istanbul is in the west
İstanbul batıda
Erzurum is in the east
Erzurum doğuda
Sinop is in the north
Sinop kuzeyde.
Mr. Mustafa is in the office.
Mustafa Bey ofiste.
Metin is in Kas, on vacation.
Metin Kaş’ta, tatilde.
What happens when the locative case is attached to a noun that has a third person possessive, or compound marker?
(s)I - always have the -n before the case marker, when -n is present, the locative case always appears with -d becaue -n is a voiced consonant.
In the car
in the baby carriage
araba-da
bebek arabası-nda
in the bag
In Osman’s bag
çanta-da
Osman’ın çantası-nda
in the university
In the university of Istanbul
üniversite-de
İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde
In Ankara
Ankara’da
In turkey
Türkiye’de
at home
Evde
in China
Çin’de
In Japan
Japonya’da
In Pakistan
Pakistan’da
in the office
Ofiste.
in school
Okulda
In class.
Sınıfta.
in the bank
Bankada.
When is the dative used?
Marks the direction of the action, often with intransitive words.
Marks the indirect object of ‘to give’, ‘to put’ etc
When a transitive word is causativized (let them do something), the agent (them) is dative
What are the dative verbs:
kızmak - to be angry at someone
bakmak - to look at
katılmak - to join, participate
inanmak - to believe
binmek - to get on
teşekkür etmek - to thank
telefon etmek - to telephone
soru sormak - to ask a question
cevap vermek - to answer a question
vurmak - to strike, to hit
güvenmek - to trust
When is the dative used in time expressions
For time expressions with ‘to’ as in ‘quarter to five’, not for ‘past’ expressions which are in the accusative
What is dative suffix and its vowel harmony
after a, ı, u, o, it appears as
-(y)a
After e, i, ü, ö, it appears as -(y)e
The suffix -y appears between the word stem and the dative case whenever the word ends
in a vowel. -n appears whenever the word has a possessive (or compound) marker -(s)I, and
the dative case is attached to the possessive marker
what are the pronoun exceptions in the dative case
O (he/she) becomes ona, not oya
ben and sen (I and you) become bana and sana
bu (this) becomes buna, not buya
Şu (that) becomes Şuna, not Şuya
What are the exceptions in grammar and spelling for the dative case
after proper names, it is written with (‘)
when it comes after a word ending in k, k becomes ğ. In proper names, it is written as k, but pronounced as ğ.
Multisyllabic words ending in ç undergo sound change and become c.
car dative
arabaya
dative of Ankara
Ankara’ya
street (dative)
sokak
sokağa
Letter (post) dat
mektup
mektuba
girl dat
kız
kıza
kid dat
çocuk
çocuğa
telephone dat
telefon
telefona
question dat
soru
soruya
table dat
masa
masaya
tree dat
ağaç
ağaca
kitchen dat
mutfak
mutfağa
village dat
köy
köye
apple dat
elma
elmaya
What is the ablative
marks the source of action (from, off)
used in comparisons to mean ‘more than’
ablative vowel and consonant harmony
-DAn
a, ı, u, o + dan
e, i, u, ü, ö + den
t-d consonant assimilation
car ablative
araba
arabadan
street abl
sokak
sokaktan
girl abl
kız
kızdan
bath house abl
hamam
hamamdan
clothing abl
elbise
elbiseden
Ankara abl
Ankara’dan
boy abl
çokuk
çokuktan
telephone abl
telefon
telefondan
question abl
soru
sorudan
table abl
masa
masadan
letter (post) abl
mektup
mektuptan
tree abl
ağaç
ağaçtan
kitchen abl
mutfak
mutfaktan
When is the acc used
direct objects, though dropped when the object is indefinite
what is the acc suffix with harmonisation
-(y)I. I-type harmony
-y is dropped when attached to consonant ending words
after the possessive or compound markers and pronouns, the suffix is nı, ni, nu, nü
Ayşe is reading a book
Ayşe is reading the book
Ayşe kitap okuyor
Ayşe kitabı okuyor
I want to eat an apple
I want to eat the apple
Ben elma yemek istiyorum.
Ben elmayı yemek istiyorum
I am looking for a secretary
I am looking for the secretary
Sekreter arıyorum.
Sekreteri arıyorum
I saw Mr. Mehmet at Akmerkez yesterday
Dün Akmerkez’de Mehmet Bey’i gördüm
Hasan loves Aisha
Hasan Ayşe’yi seviyor
I love you
Seni seviyorum.
I don’t understand him.
Onu anlamıyorum.
Do you see this?
bunu görüyor musunuz
We are reading this book
Bu kitabı okuyoruz
Do you recognise that man?
O adamı tanıyor musunuz?
Do you know the man taking pictures in the garden?
Do you know the man in the garden?
Bahçede fotoğraf çeken adamı tanıyor musunuz?
Bahçedeki adamı tanıyor musunuz?
I’m doing all the exercises
bütün alıştırmaları yapıyorum
I read every book
Her kitabı okudum
Which newspaper do you want?
Hangi gazeteyi istiyorsun?
I am reading my book.
Kitabımı okuyorum.
I’m looking for my mum.
Annemi arıyorum.
Who are you looking for?
Kimi arıyorsunuz?
lesson ak
ders
derşi
university akk
üniversite
üniversiteyi
book akk
kitap
kitabı
cinema akk
sinema
sinemayı
test akk
sınav
sınavı
teacher akk
öğretmen
öğretmeni
pencil akk
kalem
kalemi
student akk
öğrenci
öğrenciyi
friend akk
arkadaş
arkadaşı
wood/blackboard/flat surface akk
tahta
tahtayı
school akk
okul
okulu
class akk
sınıf
sınıfı
day akk
gün
günü
chocolate akk
çikolata
çikolatayı
table akk
masa
masayı
bag akk
çanta
çantayı
evening akk
akşam
akşamı
meter akk
metre
metreyi
task, homework akk
ödev
ödevi
night akk
gece
geceyi
water akk
su
suyu
house akk
ev
evi
number akk
numara
numarayı
kitchen akk
mutfak
mutfağı
what is the instrumental/comitative
The instrumental is attached to words to express the meaning expressed by ‘by’ or ‘with’
in English as in ‘I am going home by bus’ or ‘I cut the cake with a knife.’
The comitative
case is the counterpart that is attached to people, as in the example ‘John will dance with
Mary.’ The meaning expressed by the preposition ‘to’ as in the examples ‘I am talking to
you’ or ‘John is married to Mary’ is also expressed by -(y)lA in Turkish
what is the instrumental/comitative suffix and its harmonies
-(y)lA
A type harmony
car inst
araba
arabayla
love inst
sevgi
sevgiyle
man inst
adam
adamla
verbs that take ablative
kork - to be afraid of
sıkıl, bık- ‘be tired of
hoşlan - to enjoy
çık - to leave or depart
nefret et - ‘hate’
bahset - ‘mention, talk about’
kaç - run away
mezun ol - to graduate
geç - to pass by
Ali goes to school by car.
Ali okula arabayla gidiyor.
What do you bring to school?
Sen okula neyle geliyorsun?
Aslıhan played this piece on the violin.
Aslıhan bu parçayı kemanla çalmıştı.
which verbs require ile (appearance of inst as a separate word
anlaş - deal with, negotiate
buluş - meet
dans et- dance
kavga et- fight
evlen- marry
tanış - to become acquainted with
car inst
araba
arabayla
key inst
anahtar
anahtarla
telephone inst
telefonla
train inst
tren
trenle
knife inst
bıçak
bıçakla
worry, trepidation inst
telaş
telaşla
letter (post) inst
mektup
mektupla
screwdriver inst
tornavida
tornavidayla
thrill inst
heyecan
heyecanla
aeroplane inst
uçak
uçakla
axe inst
balta
baltayla
worry, anxiety inst
endişe
endişeyle
ferry inst
vapur
vapurla
thrill inst
heyecan
heyecanla
message inst
mesaj
mesajla
hammer inst
çekiç
çekiçle
happiness inst
mutluluk
mutlulukla
genitive case marker
(n)In
extra n depends on the presence of a vowel
In the first person singular and plural pronouns it appears as
Im
Ayse’s car
Ayşe-nin arabası
this car is Ayse’s
bu araba Ayşe-nin.
my mother’s cat’
annem-in kedisi
This cat is my mother’s
Bu kedi annem-in
How do you designate possession
Possessor (n)In possessed (s)I
Ahmet’s father
Ahmet’in babası
the garden’s door
bahçenin kapısı
Ömür’s car
Ömür’ün arabası
my, your, his/hers, our, your plural, their
benim, senin, onun, bizim, sizin, onların
my cake
kek-im
my orange
portakal-ım
my milk
süt-üm
my pride
gurur-um
my room
oda-m
your cake, orange, milk, pride, room
kek-in, portakal-ın, sutüt-ün, gurur-un, oda-n
His, her cake, orange, milk, pride, room
kek-i, portakal-ı, süt-ü, gurur-u, oda-sı
our cake, orange, milk, pride, room
kek-imiz, portakal-ımız, süt-ümüz, gurur-umuz, oda-mız
your plural cake, orange, milk, pride, room
kek-iniz, portakal-ınız, süt-ünüz, gurur-unuz, oda-nız
their cake, orange, milk, pride, room
kek-leri, portakal-ları, süt-leri, gurur-ları, oda-ları
stalk, stem possessive
sap
sapı
book, pos
kitap
kitabı
horse pos
at
atı
price pos
fiyat
fiyatı
country/dorm pos
yurt, yurdu
hair pos
saç, saçı
tree pos
ağaç, ağacı
cake pos
kek
keki
colour pos
renk
rengi
dog pos
köpek, köpeği
nose, his nose
burun
burnu
name, his name
isim, ismi
city, his city
şehir, şehri
son, his son
oğul, oğlu
picture his picture
resim, resmi
abdomen, his abdomen
karın karnı
what
ne
water
su
the colour of water
suyun rengi
the colour of what
neyin rengi
my water
su-yum
‘your (sing.) water’
su-yun
‘his/her/its water
su-yu
‘our water’
su-yumuz
‘your (plural) water’
su-yunuz
‘their water
su-ları
‘my what’
ne-yim
‘your (sing.) what’
ne-yin
‘his/her/its what’
ne-yi
our what
ne-yimiz
‘your (plural) what’
ne-yiniz
‘their what
ne-leri
what is the existential word
var
yok (negative)
there is a car
araba var
I have a car (there is my car)
araba-m var
Do you have a car?
araban var mı?
do you (plural) have a car?
arabanız var mı?
I don’t have a car
kedim yok
dizzy
başı dönen
I feel dizzy
(benim) başım dönüyor
toothache
diş ağrısı
Do you have a toothache?’
dişin ağrıyor mu?
stomach ache
karın ağrısı
He has a stomach ache
karnı ağrıyor
sore throat
boğaz ağrısı
We have sore throats
boğazımız ağrıyor
nauseous
mide bulandırıcı
Do you feel nauseous, too?’
Sizin de mideniz bulanıyor mu?
headache
baş ağrısı
‘I have a headache
başım ağrıyor
hungry
aç
heart soul
can
I am bored
Canım sıkılıyor
‘I do not feel like studying.’
Canım hiç ders çalışmak istemiyor
What do you feel like eating?
Sizin canınız ne yemek istiyor?
three of us
üçümüz
half of us
yarımız
some of us
bazılarımız
none of us
hiçbirimiz
all of us
hepimiz
most of us
çoğumuz
three of you
üçünüz
half of you
yarınız
some of you
bazılarınız
none of you
hiçbiriniz
all of you
hepiniz
most of you
çoğunuz
three of them
üçü
half of them
yarısı
some of them
bazıları
none of them
hiçbiri
all of them
hepsi
most of them
çoğu
what is the compound marker?
-(s)I
apple tree
elma ağacı
baby carriage
Bebek arabası
bedroom
Yatak odası
cherry orchard
vişne bahçesi
my cherry orchard
vişne bahçem
your cherry orchard
vişne bahçen
my father’s cherry orchard
Babamın vişne bahçesi
our cherry orchard
vişne bahçemiz
your pl cherry orchard
vişne bahçeniz
their cherry orchard
vişne bahçeleri
