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Turkish > -Iyor, the progressive > Flashcards

-Iyor, the progressive Flashcards

1
Q

progressive marker

A

-Iyor

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2
Q

What is the progressive marker?

A

to describe
on-going, continuous events.

it can be
used to talk about habits and everyday things you do.

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3
Q

-Iyor vowel harmony

A

Verbs ending in consonants: last vowel
e, i + iyor
a, ı + iyor
u, o + uyor
ü, ö + üyor

verbs ending in u, ü, ı, i take yor

If the verb ends in other vowels (a, e, o, ö), these vowels are omitted and -Iyor changes
to harmonize with the preceeding vowel.

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4
Q

how do de- and ye- change with the continuous

A

ye - yiyor
de - diyor

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5
Q

person markers
continuous

A

ben -um
sen -sun
O -O
Biz -uz
Siz -sunuz
Onlar -lar

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6
Q

negative suffix

A

mA

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7
Q

question marker

A

mI

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8
Q

you want
Do you want?

A

istiyorsun
istiyor musun?

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9
Q

I want
Do I want?

A

istiyorum

istiyor muyum?

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10
Q

Future suffix

A

-(y)AcAk

Verbs ending in a vowel
take -yacak or -yecek. Verbs ending in a consonant take -acak or -ecek, with the omission
of y. The k at the end of the suffix is replaced by ˘g when a vowel follows it due to
suffixation.

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11
Q

I will go to Ankara tomorrow

A

Yarın Ankara’ya gideceğim

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12
Q

‘tomorrow’

A

yarın

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13
Q

next week

A

gelecek hafta

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14
Q

next month

A

gelecek ay

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15
Q

next year

A

gelecek yıl

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16
Q

‘a little later’ (2)

A

birazdan / biraz sonra

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17
Q

‘soon /very soon’

A

yakında
çok yakında

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18
Q

‘again’

A

tekrar

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19
Q

one month later’

A

bir ay sonra

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20
Q

two weeks later’

A

iki hafta sonra

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21
Q

after class

A

dersten sonra

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22
Q

‘from now on/not any more’

A

artık

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23
Q

when is olacak used for the future

A

if there is no verb, ol- is required, used for predicate adjective constructions

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24
Q

Ayşe is very rich.
Ayşe will be very rich.

A

Ayşe çok zengin.
Ayşe çok zengin olacak.

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25
Q

What is the past tense marker?

A

-DI

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26
Q

Person markers with DI (want to)

A

istemek

ben istedim
sen - istedin
O - istedi
Biz - istedik
Siz - istediniz
Onlar - istediler

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27
Q

What is different in the negation and question of -DI compared to the progressive and future?

A

-mA comes after the stem, then -DI comes after it.
In the question form, you add -DI and the question particle comes right after -DI

With future and progressive, the person markers come after the question particle, with the past tense, the question particle comes after the person markers

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28
Q

I wanted
I did not want
Did I want?
Didn’t I want?
Will I want to?

A

istedim
istemedim (stem-negative-DI - person)
istedim mi? (stem-DI -person - question particle)
istemedim mi? (stem-negative-DI - person - question particle)
isteyecek miyim? (verb sterm - -(y)AcAK) - question particle - person

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29
Q

Yesterday

A

dün

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30
Q

the day before yesterday

A

önceki gün

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31
Q

last week.

A

Geçen hafta.

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32
Q

last month.

A

Geçen ay.

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33
Q

last year

A

‘geçen yıl’

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34
Q

‘a while ago

A

biraz önce

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35
Q

one month ago

A

bir ay önce

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36
Q

two weeks ago

A

iki hafta önce

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37
Q

before the class

A

dersten önce

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38
Q

yet (2)

A

henüz (negative)
daha

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39
Q

never, ever

A

hiç

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40
Q

‘recently’

A

son zamanlarda

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41
Q

What is the past tense marker when attached to nouns, adjectives, or var/yok

A

-(y)DI, y is dropped following a consonant

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42
Q

I was a doctor

A

doktordum.

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43
Q

I was not a doctor

A

doktor değildim.

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44
Q

Was I a doctor?

A

Doktor muydum?

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45
Q

wasn’t I a doctor?

A

Doktor değil miydim?

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46
Q

you were a doctor

A

Doktordun

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47
Q

you weren’t a doctor

A

Doktor değildin

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48
Q

Were you a doctor?

A

Doktor muydun?

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49
Q

weren’t you a doctor?

A

doktor değil miydin?

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50
Q

He was a doctor. He wasn’t a doctor. Was he a doctor? Wasn’t he a doctor?

A

doktordu
Doktor değildi
Doktor muydu?
Doktor değil miydi?

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51
Q

They were doctors. They weren’t doctors. Were they doctors? Weren’t they doctors?

A

doktordular/doktorlardı
Doktor değildiler/Doktor değillerdi.
Doktor muydular?/ Doktorlar mıydı
Doktor değil miydiler?/Doktor değiller miydi?

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52
Q

How does (y)DI behave differently from -DI?

A

in the negative, it is attatched to the negative değil rather than the noun
In questions, the person markers and (y)DI come after the question particle, in verbs, -DI and the person markers come right after the verb.

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53
Q

did you go?
Were you tired?

A

Gittin mi?
yorgun muydun?

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54
Q

have we arrived?
Were we tired?

A

Geldik mi?
yorgun muyduk?

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55
Q

How does one express hearsay, indirect experience, inference

A

-mIş

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56
Q

(It turns out that / I heard that) Selim went to Ankara last week

A

Selim geçen hafta Ankara’ya gitmiş

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57
Q

Have you heard? (formal) Aysel bought a new car.

A

Duydunuz mu? Aysel yeni bir araba almış.

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58
Q

I read in the paper. There was a traffic accident in Bursa. Five people were injured.

A

Gazetede okudum. Bursa’da bir trafik kazası olmuş. Beş kişi yaralanmış.

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59
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (ben) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişim, istememişim, istemiş miyim? istememiş miyim?

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60
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (sen) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişsin, istememişsin, istemiş misin? istememiş misin?

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61
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (O) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemiş, istememiş, istemiş mi? istememiş mi?

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62
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (biz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişiz, istememişiz, istemiş miyiz? istememiş miyiz?

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63
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (siz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişsiniz, istememişsiniz, istemiş misiniz? istememiş misiniz?

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64
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (onlar) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişler, istememişler, istemişler mi?istememişler mi?

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65
Q

What is the aorist -Ir/-Ar?

A

used to express general facts, polite requests and questions, probable
situations, uncertain plans, guesses, habits, likes and dislikes.

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66
Q

Sun rises from the east.’

A

Güneş doğudan doğar.

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67
Q

Fish lives in water

A

Balık suda yaşar

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68
Q

Could you open the door?’

A

Lütfen kapıyı açar mısınız?’

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69
Q

Could you pass the salt?

A

Lütfen tuzu verir misiniz? ‘

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70
Q

Maybe we go to the movies tomorrow.’

A

Yarın belki sinemaya gideriz.’

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71
Q

Maybe Selim also comes with us

A

Belki Selim de bizimle gelir

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72
Q

My mother wouldn’t like this dress.’

A

Annem bu elbiseyi beğenmez

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73
Q

I drink coffee with sugar.’

A

Ben kahveyi şekerli içerim.’

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74
Q

I never drink coffee.

A

Ben hiç kahve içmem.

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75
Q

What is the pattern for the aorist

A

Polysyllabic words ending in consonants take -Ir
Most monosyllabic verbs ending in consonants take -Ar
vowel ending verbs take only -r
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.

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76
Q

Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.

A

al, bil, bul, dur, gel, gör, kal, ol, öl, san, ver, var, vur

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77
Q

How is the aorist particle irregular in the negative?

A

. In the first person singular (ben) and the first
person plural (biz) there is no aorist marker after negation. Person markers come directly
after negation.
#
. In all the other persons, the aorist marker surfaces as -z

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78
Q

what does -DIr mean when attached to verbs and nouns?

A

fact or guess

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79
Q

The chicken is a bipedal animal.

A

Tavuk iki ayaklı bir hayvandır.

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80
Q

The world is round

A

Dünya yuvarlaktır

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81
Q

what is -mAktA

A

similar to -Iyor, but more formal.
The present sense that it expresses covers a
larger period of time and a longer and more repetitive event than would be expressed with
-Iyor.

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82
Q

Thousands of tourists come to Istanbul every year. Formal, more formal.

A

Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmekte.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmektedir.

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83
Q

When does DIr only express guess/fact

A

It expresses only guess with -Iyor. It
expresses only fact with -mAktA.

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84
Q

What can DIr not be used with?

A

DIr cannot be used with the aorist. -DIr cannot be used with -DI either. Past interpretation
is expressed with -mIs¸tIr.

85
Q

Imperative structure

A

use the bare form of the verb
Negative marker for negatives
Second person plural subjects have a subject agreement marker (y)In on them
When the second person plural marker is used to express “polite imperative,” an extra
person marker -Iz can be attached to sound even more polite and formal.

86
Q

close imperative

A

sen kapat
o kapatsın
siz kapatın (ız)
onlar kapatsınlar

87
Q

come (imperative)

A

sen gel
o gelsin
siz gelin(iz)
onlar gelsinler

88
Q

Meaning and formation of the past progressive

A

-Iyor + -(y)DI

what you were doing at
a particular time in the past.

89
Q

‘Mustafa was watching a football game last night at 9:00 pm.’

A

Mustafa dün gece saat dokuzda maçı izliyordu.

90
Q

How does one talk about past habits and interests?

A

-Ar/ -Ir + -(y)DI
aorist and past tense

Can also mean ‘would (otherwise)

91
Q

When I was in Istanbul, I used to go to Buyükada every weekend.

A

Ben İstanbul’dayken her haftasonu Büyükada’ya giderdim.

92
Q

I used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.

A

Ben eskiden günde bir paket sigara içerdim.

93
Q

I’d come to Bodrum with you, but I’m busy.

A

Ben seninle Bodrum’a gelirdim ama çok işim var.

94
Q

What is irregular about the formation of -(y)DI after -Ar/-I

A

In the negative construction, first person singular and plural forms do not have the negative aorist marker z, In the past aorist when the negative aorist is followed
by -(y)DI, z. reappears in all persons.

95
Q

How do you express ‘was going to (but didn’t happen)’

A

-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI,

96
Q

I was going to visit Zeynep in ˙
Istanbul, but I did not have time

A

İstanbul’da Zeynep’i ziyaret edecektim ama vaktim olmadı.

97
Q

almost (3)

A

az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse,

all typically used with Iyor + DI or -(y)AcAK + DI verbs to emphasise ‘almost, was going to’

98
Q

we almost missed the bus
we (very almost) missed the bus

A

Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçıracaktık

-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI

Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçırıyorduk

(Iyor-DI)

99
Q

How to express the remote past and an event that has already
happened and been completed.

A

mIş ± -(y)DI,

100
Q

‘We had seen this film.’

A

biz bu fılmi görmüştük.

101
Q

already

A

çoktan

102
Q

yet

A

henüz

103
Q

‘When I was at elementary school, my elder sister had already finished high school.’

A

“Ben ilkokuldayken ablam çoktan liseyi bitirmişti.

104
Q

Never in my life

A

Hayatımda hiç bu kadar

105
Q

progressive marker

A

-Iyor

106
Q

What is the progressive marker?

A

to describe
on-going, continuous events.

it can be
used to talk about habits and everyday things you do.

107
Q

-Iyor vowel harmony

A

Verbs ending in consonants: last vowel
e, i + iyor
a, ı + iyor
u, o + uyor
ü, ö + üyor

verbs ending in u, ü, ı, i take yor

If the verb ends in other vowels (a, e, o, ö), these vowels are omitted and -Iyor changes
to harmonize with the preceeding vowel.

108
Q

how do de- and ye- change with the continuous

A

ye - yiyor
de - diyor

109
Q

person markers

A

ben -um
sen -sun
O -O
Biz -uz
Siz -sunuz
Onlar -lar

110
Q

negative suffix

A

mA

111
Q

question marker

A

mI

112
Q

you want
Do you want?

A

istiyorsun
istiyor musun?

113
Q

I want
Do I want?

A

istiyorum

istiyor muyum?

114
Q

Future suffix

A

-(y)AcAk

Verbs ending in a vowel
take -yacak or -yecek. Verbs ending in a consonant take -acak or -ecek, with the omission
of y. The k at the end of the suffix is replaced by ˘g when a vowel follows it due to
suffixation.

115
Q

I will go to Ankara tomorrow

A

Yarın Ankara’ya gideceğim

116
Q

‘tomorrow’

A

yarın

117
Q

next week

A

gelecek hafta

118
Q

next month

A

gelecek ay

119
Q

next year

A

gelecek yıl

120
Q

‘a little later’ (2)

A

birazdan / biraz sonra

121
Q

‘soon /very soon’

A

yakında
çok yakında

122
Q

‘again’

A

tekrar

123
Q

one year later’

A

bir ay sonra

124
Q

two weeks later’

A

iki hafta sonra

125
Q

after class

A

dersten sonra

126
Q

‘from now on/not any more’

A

artık

127
Q

when is olacak used for the future

A

if there is no verb, ol- is required, used for predicate adjective constructions

128
Q

Ayşe is very rich.
Ayşe will be very rich.

A

Ayşe çok zengin.
Ayşe çok zengin olacak.

129
Q

What is the past tense marker?

A

-DI

130
Q

Person markers with DI (want to)

A

istemek

ben istedim
sen - istedin
O - istedi
Biz - istedik
Siz - istediniz
Onlar - istediler

131
Q

What is different in the negation and question of -DI compared to the progressive and future?

A

-mA comes after the stem, then -DI comes after it.
In the question form, you add -DI and the question particle comes right after -DI

With future and progressive, the person markers come after the question particle, with the past tense, the question particle comes after the person markers

132
Q

I wanted
I did not want
Did I want?
Didn’t I want?
Will I want to?

A

istedim
istemedim (stem-negative-DI - person)
istedim mi? (stem-DI -person - question particle)
istemedim mi? (stem-negative-DI - person - question particle)
isteyecek miyim? (verb sterm - -(y)AcAK) - question particle - person

133
Q

Yesterday

A

dün

134
Q

the day before yesterday

A

önceki gün

135
Q

last week.

A

Geçen hafta.

136
Q

last month.

A

Geçen ay.

137
Q

last year

A

‘geçen yıl’

138
Q

‘a while ago

A

biraz önce

139
Q

one month ago

A

bir ay önce

140
Q

two weeks ago

A

iki hafta önce

141
Q

before the class

A

dersten önce

142
Q

yet (2)

A

henüz (negative)
daha

143
Q

never, ever

A

hiç

144
Q

‘recently’

A

son zamanlarda

145
Q

What is the past tense marker when attached to nouns, adjectives, or var/yok

A

-(y)DI, y is dropped following a consonant

146
Q

I was a doctor

A

doktordum.

147
Q

I was not a doctor

A

doktor değildim.

148
Q

Was I a doctor?

A

Doktor muydum?

149
Q

wasn’t I a doctor?

A

Doktor değil miydim?

150
Q

you were a doctor

A

Doktordun

151
Q

you weren’t a doctor

A

Doktor değildin

152
Q

Were you a doctor?

A

Doktor muydun?

153
Q

weren’t you a doctor?

A

doktor değil miydin?

154
Q

He was a doctor. He wasn’t a doctor. Was he a doctor? Wasn’t he a doctor?

A

doktordu
Doktor değildi
Doktor muydu?
Doktor değil miydi?

155
Q

They were doctors. They weren’t doctors. Were they doctors? Weren’t they doctors?

A

doktordular/doktorlardı
Doktor değildiler/Doktor değillerdi.
Doktor muydular?/ Doktorlar mıydı
Doktor değil miydiler?/Doktor değiller miydi?

156
Q

How does (y)DI behave differently from -DI?

A

in the negative, it is attatched to the negative değil rather than the noun
In questions, the person markers and (y)DI come after the question particle, in verbs, -DI and the person markers come right after the verb.

157
Q

did you go?
Were you tired?

A

Gittin mi?
yorgun muydun?

158
Q

have we arrived?
Were we tired?

A

Geldik mi?
yorgun muyduk?

159
Q

How does one express hearsay, indirect experience, inference

A

-mIş

160
Q

(It turns out that / I heard that) Selim went to Ankara last week

A

Selim geçen hafta Ankara’ya gitmiş

161
Q

Have you heard? Aysel bought a new car.

A

Duydunuz mu? Aysel yeni bir araba almış.

162
Q

I read in the paper. There was a traffic accident in Bursa. Five people were injured.

A

Gazetede okudum. Bursa’da bir trafik kazası olmuş. Beş kişi yaralanmış.

163
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (ben) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişim, istememişim, istemiş miyim? istememiş miyim?

164
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (sen) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişsin, istememişsin, istemiş misin? istememiş misin?

165
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (O) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemiş, istememiş, istemiş mi? istememiş mi?

166
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (biz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişiz, istememişiz, istemiş miyiz? istememiş miyiz?

167
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (siz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişsiniz, istememişsiniz, istemiş misiniz? istememiş misiniz?

168
Q

-mIş paradigm istemek (onlar) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)

A

istemişler, istememişler, istemişler mi?istememişler mi?

169
Q

What is the aorist -Ir/-Ar?

A

used to express general facts, polite requests and questions, probable
situations, uncertain plans, guesses, habits, likes and dislikes.

170
Q

Sun rises from the east.’

A

Güneş doğudan doğar.

171
Q

Fish lives in water

A

Balık suda yaşar

172
Q

Could you open the door?’

A

Lütfen kapıyı açar misiniz?’

173
Q

Could you pass the salt?

A

Lutfen tuzu verir misiniz? ‘

174
Q

Maybe we go to the movies tomorrow.’

A

Yarın belki sinemaya gideriz.’

175
Q

Maybe Selim comes with us

A

Belki Selim de bizimle gelir

176
Q

My mother wouldn’t like this dress.’

A

Annem bu elbiseyi beğenmez

177
Q

I drink coffee with sugar.’

A

Ben kahveyi şekerli içerim.’

178
Q

I never drink coffee.

A

Ben hiç kahve içmem.

179
Q

What is the pattern for the aorist

A

Polysyllabic words ending in consonants take -Ir
Most monosyllabic verbs ending in consonants take -Ar
vowel ending verbs take only -r
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.

180
Q

Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.

A

al, bil, bul, dur, gel, gör, kal, ol, öl, san, ver, var, vur

181
Q

How is the aorist particle irregular in the negative?

A

. In the first person singular (ben) and the first
person plural (biz) there is no aorist marker after negation. Person markers come directly
after negation.
#
. In all the other persons, the aorist marker surfaces as -z

182
Q

what does -DIr mean when attached to verbs and nouns?

A

fact or guess

183
Q

The chicken is a bipedal animal.

A

Tavuk iki ayaklı bir hayvandır.

184
Q

The world is round

A

Dünya yuvarlaktır

185
Q

what is -mAktA

A

similar to -Iyor, but more formal.
The present sense that it expresses covers a
larger period of time and a longer and more repetitive event than would be expressed with
-Iyor.

186
Q

Thousands of tourists come to Istanbul every year. Formal, more formal.

A

Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmekte.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmektedir.

187
Q

When does DIr only express guess/fact

A

It expresses only guess with -Iyor. It
expresses only fact with -mAktA.

188
Q

What can DIr not be used with?

A

DIr cannot be used with the aorist. -DIr cannot be used with -DI either. Past interpretation
is expressed with -mIs¸tIr.

189
Q

Imperative structure

A

use the bare form of the verb
Negative marker for negatives
Second person plural subjects have a subject agreement marker (y)In on them
When the second person plural marker is used to express “polite imperative,” an extra
person marker -Iz can be attached to sound even more polite and formal.

190
Q

close imperative

A

sen kapat
o kapatsın
siz kapatın (ız)
onlar kapatsınlar

191
Q

come (imperative)

A

sen gel
o gelsin
siz gelin(iz)
onlar gelsinler

192
Q

Meaning and formation of the past progressive

A

-Iyor + -(y)DI

what you were doing at
a particular time in the past.

193
Q

‘Mustafa was watching a football game last night at 9:00 pm.’

A

Mustafa dün gece saat dokuzda maçı izliyordu.

194
Q

How does one talk about past habits and interests?

A

-Ar/ -Ir + -(y)DI
aorist and past tense

Can also mean ‘would (otherwise)

195
Q

When I was in Istanbul, I used to go to Buyükada every weekend.

A

Ben İstanbul’dayken her haftasonu Büyükada’ya giderdim.

196
Q

I used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.

A

Ben eskiden günde bir paket sigara içerdim.

197
Q

I’d come to Bodrum with you, but I’m busy.

A

Ben seninle Bodrum’a gelirdim ama çok işim var.

198
Q

What is irregular about the formation of -(y)DI after -Ar/-I

A

In the negative construction, first person singular and plural forms do not have the negative aorist marker z, In the past aorist when the negative aorist is followed
by -(y)DI, z. reappears in all persons.

199
Q

How do you express ‘was going to (but didn’t happen)’

A

-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI,

200
Q

I was going to visit Zeynep in ˙
Istanbul, but I did not have time

A

İstanbul’da Zeynep’i ziyaret edecektim ama vaktim olmadı.

201
Q

almost (3)

A

az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse,

all typically used with Iyor + DI or -(y)AcAK + DI verbs to emphasise ‘almost, was going to’

202
Q

we almost missed the bus
we (very almost) missed the bus

A

Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçıracaktık

-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI

Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçırıyorduk

(Iyor-DI)

203
Q

How to express the remote past and an event that has already
happened and been completed.

A

mIş ± -(y)DI,

204
Q

‘We had seen this film.’

A

biz bu fılmi görmüştük.

205
Q

already

A

çoktan

206
Q

yet

A

henüz

207
Q

‘When I was at elementary school, my elder sister had already finished high school.’

A

“Ben ilkokuldayken ablam çoktan liseyi bitirmişti.

208
Q

Never in my life

A

Hayatımda hiç bu kadar

Turkish (34 decks)

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