-Iyor, the progressive Flashcards
1
Q
progressive marker
A
-Iyor
2
Q
What is the progressive marker?
A
to describe
on-going, continuous events.
it can be
used to talk about habits and everyday things you do.
3
Q
-Iyor vowel harmony
A
Verbs ending in consonants: last vowel
e, i + iyor
a, ı + iyor
u, o + uyor
ü, ö + üyor
verbs ending in u, ü, ı, i take yor
If the verb ends in other vowels (a, e, o, ö), these vowels are omitted and -Iyor changes
to harmonize with the preceeding vowel.
4
Q
how do de- and ye- change with the continuous
A
ye - yiyor
de - diyor
5
Q
person markers
continuous
A
ben -um
sen -sun
O -O
Biz -uz
Siz -sunuz
Onlar -lar
6
Q
negative suffix
A
mA
7
Q
question marker
A
mI
8
Q
you want
Do you want?
A
istiyorsun
istiyor musun?
9
Q
I want
Do I want?
A
istiyorum
istiyor muyum?
10
Q
Future suffix
A
-(y)AcAk
Verbs ending in a vowel
take -yacak or -yecek. Verbs ending in a consonant take -acak or -ecek, with the omission
of y. The k at the end of the suffix is replaced by ˘g when a vowel follows it due to
suffixation.
11
Q
I will go to Ankara tomorrow
A
Yarın Ankara’ya gideceğim
12
Q
‘tomorrow’
A
yarın
13
Q
next week
A
gelecek hafta
14
Q
next month
A
gelecek ay
15
Q
next year
A
gelecek yıl
16
Q
‘a little later’ (2)
A
birazdan / biraz sonra
17
Q
‘soon /very soon’
A
yakında
çok yakında
18
Q
‘again’
A
tekrar
19
Q
one month later’
A
bir ay sonra
20
Q
two weeks later’
A
iki hafta sonra
21
Q
after class
A
dersten sonra
22
Q
‘from now on/not any more’
A
artık
23
Q
when is olacak used for the future
A
if there is no verb, ol- is required, used for predicate adjective constructions
24
Q
Ayşe is very rich.
Ayşe will be very rich.
A
Ayşe çok zengin.
Ayşe çok zengin olacak.
25
What is the past tense marker?
-DI
26
Person markers with DI (want to)
istemek
ben istedim
sen - istedin
O - istedi
Biz - istedik
Siz - istediniz
Onlar - istediler
27
What is different in the negation and question of -DI compared to the progressive and future?
-mA comes after the stem, then -DI comes after it.
In the question form, you add -DI and the question particle comes right after -DI
With future and progressive, the person markers come after the question particle, with the past tense, the question particle comes after the person markers
28
I wanted
I did not want
Did I want?
Didn't I want?
Will I want to?
istedim
istemedim (stem-negative-DI - person)
istedim mi? (stem-DI -person - question particle)
istemedim mi? (stem-negative-DI - person - question particle)
isteyecek miyim? (verb sterm - -(y)AcAK) - question particle - person
29
Yesterday
dün
30
the day before yesterday
önceki gün
31
last week.
Geçen hafta.
32
last month.
Geçen ay.
33
last year
'geçen yıl'
34
‘a while ago
biraz önce
35
one month ago
bir ay önce
36
two weeks ago
iki hafta önce
37
before the class
dersten önce
38
yet (2)
henüz (negative)
daha
39
never, ever
hiç
40
‘recently’
son zamanlarda
41
What is the past tense marker when attached to nouns, adjectives, or var/yok
-(y)DI, y is dropped following a consonant
42
I was a doctor
doktordum.
43
I was not a doctor
doktor değildim.
44
Was I a doctor?
Doktor muydum?
45
wasn't I a doctor?
Doktor değil miydim?
46
you were a doctor
Doktordun
47
you weren't a doctor
Doktor değildin
48
Were you a doctor?
Doktor muydun?
49
weren't you a doctor?
doktor değil miydin?
50
He was a doctor. He wasn't a doctor. Was he a doctor? Wasn't he a doctor?
doktordu
Doktor değildi
Doktor muydu?
Doktor değil miydi?
51
They were doctors. They weren't doctors. Were they doctors? Weren't they doctors?
doktordular/doktorlardı
Doktor değildiler/Doktor değillerdi.
Doktor muydular?/ Doktorlar mıydı
Doktor değil miydiler?/Doktor değiller miydi?
52
How does (y)DI behave differently from -DI?
in the negative, it is attatched to the negative değil rather than the noun
In questions, the person markers and (y)DI come after the question particle, in verbs, -DI and the person markers come right after the verb.
53
did you go?
Were you tired?
Gittin mi?
yorgun muydun?
54
have we arrived?
Were we tired?
Geldik mi?
yorgun muyduk?
55
How does one express hearsay, indirect experience, inference
-mIş
56
(It turns out that / I heard that) Selim went to Ankara last week
Selim geçen hafta Ankara’ya gitmiş
57
Have you heard? (formal) Aysel bought a new car.
Duydunuz mu? Aysel yeni bir araba almış.
58
I read in the paper. There was a traffic accident in Bursa. Five people were injured.
Gazetede okudum. Bursa'da bir trafik kazası olmuş. Beş kişi yaralanmış.
59
-mIş paradigm istemek (ben) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişim, istememişim, istemiş miyim? istememiş miyim?
60
-mIş paradigm istemek (sen) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişsin, istememişsin, istemiş misin? istememiş misin?
61
-mIş paradigm istemek (O) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemiş, istememiş, istemiş mi? istememiş mi?
62
-mIş paradigm istemek (biz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişiz, istememişiz, istemiş miyiz? istememiş miyiz?
63
-mIş paradigm istemek (siz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişsiniz, istememişsiniz, istemiş misiniz? istememiş misiniz?
64
-mIş paradigm istemek (onlar) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişler, istememişler, istemişler mi?istememişler mi?
65
What is the aorist -Ir/-Ar?
used to express general facts, polite requests and questions, probable
situations, uncertain plans, guesses, habits, likes and dislikes.
66
Sun rises from the east.’
Güneş doğudan doğar.
67
Fish lives in water
Balık suda yaşar
68
Could you open the door?’
Lütfen kapıyı açar mısınız?'
69
Could you pass the salt?
Lütfen tuzu verir misiniz? ‘
70
Maybe we go to the movies tomorrow.’
Yarın belki sinemaya gideriz.'
71
Maybe Selim also comes with us
Belki Selim de bizimle gelir
72
My mother wouldn’t like this dress.’
Annem bu elbiseyi beğenmez
73
I drink coffee with sugar.’
Ben kahveyi şekerli içerim.'
74
I never drink coffee.
Ben hiç kahve içmem.
75
What is the pattern for the aorist
Polysyllabic words ending in consonants take -Ir
Most monosyllabic verbs ending in consonants take -Ar
vowel ending verbs take only -r
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.
76
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.
al, bil, bul, dur, gel, gör, kal, ol, öl, san, ver, var, vur
77
How is the aorist particle irregular in the negative?
. In the first person singular (ben) and the first
person plural (biz) there is no aorist marker after negation. Person markers come directly
after negation.
#
. In all the other persons, the aorist marker surfaces as -z
78
what does -DIr mean when attached to verbs and nouns?
fact or guess
79
The chicken is a bipedal animal.
Tavuk iki ayaklı bir hayvandır.
80
The world is round
Dünya yuvarlaktır
81
what is -mAktA
similar to -Iyor, but more formal.
The present sense that it expresses covers a
larger period of time and a longer and more repetitive event than would be expressed with
-Iyor.
82
Thousands of tourists come to Istanbul every year. Formal, more formal.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmekte.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmektedir.
83
When does DIr only express guess/fact
It expresses only guess with -Iyor. It
expresses only fact with -mAktA.
84
What can DIr not be used with?
DIr cannot be used with the aorist. -DIr cannot be used with -DI either. Past interpretation
is expressed with -mIs¸tIr.
85
Imperative structure
use the bare form of the verb
Negative marker for negatives
Second person plural subjects have a subject agreement marker (y)In on them
When the second person plural marker is used to express “polite imperative,” an extra
person marker -Iz can be attached to sound even more polite and formal.
86
close imperative
sen kapat
o kapatsın
siz kapatın (ız)
onlar kapatsınlar
87
come (imperative)
sen gel
o gelsin
siz gelin(iz)
onlar gelsinler
88
Meaning and formation of the past progressive
-Iyor + -(y)DI
what you were doing at
a particular time in the past.
89
‘Mustafa was watching a football game last night at 9:00 pm.’
Mustafa dün gece saat dokuzda maçı izliyordu.
90
How does one talk about past habits and interests?
-Ar/ -Ir + -(y)DI
aorist and past tense
Can also mean 'would (otherwise)
91
When I was in Istanbul, I used to go to Buyükada every weekend.
Ben İstanbul'dayken her haftasonu Büyükada'ya giderdim.
92
I used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.
Ben eskiden günde bir paket sigara içerdim.
93
I'd come to Bodrum with you, but I'm busy.
Ben seninle Bodrum'a gelirdim ama çok işim var.
94
What is irregular about the formation of -(y)DI after -Ar/-I
In the negative construction, first person singular and plural forms do not have the negative aorist marker z, In the past aorist when the negative aorist is followed
by -(y)DI, z. reappears in all persons.
95
How do you express 'was going to (but didn't happen)'
-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI,
96
I was going to visit Zeynep in ˙
Istanbul, but I did not have time
İstanbul'da Zeynep'i ziyaret edecektim ama vaktim olmadı.
97
almost (3)
az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse,
all typically used with Iyor + DI or -(y)AcAK + DI verbs to emphasise 'almost, was going to'
98
we almost missed the bus
we (very almost) missed the bus
Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçıracaktık
-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI
Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçırıyorduk
(Iyor-DI)
99
How to express the remote past and an event that has already
happened and been completed.
mIş ± -(y)DI,
100
‘We had seen this film.’
biz bu fılmi görmüştük.
101
already
çoktan
102
yet
henüz
103
‘When I was at elementary school, my elder sister had already finished high school.’
"Ben ilkokuldayken ablam çoktan liseyi bitirmişti.
104
Never in my life
Hayatımda hiç bu kadar
105
progressive marker
-Iyor
106
What is the progressive marker?
to describe
on-going, continuous events.
it can be
used to talk about habits and everyday things you do.
107
-Iyor vowel harmony
Verbs ending in consonants: last vowel
e, i + iyor
a, ı + iyor
u, o + uyor
ü, ö + üyor
verbs ending in u, ü, ı, i take yor
If the verb ends in other vowels (a, e, o, ö), these vowels are omitted and -Iyor changes
to harmonize with the preceeding vowel.
108
how do de- and ye- change with the continuous
ye - yiyor
de - diyor
109
person markers
ben -um
sen -sun
O -O
Biz -uz
Siz -sunuz
Onlar -lar
110
negative suffix
mA
111
question marker
mI
112
you want
Do you want?
istiyorsun
istiyor musun?
113
I want
Do I want?
istiyorum
istiyor muyum?
114
Future suffix
-(y)AcAk
Verbs ending in a vowel
take -yacak or -yecek. Verbs ending in a consonant take -acak or -ecek, with the omission
of y. The k at the end of the suffix is replaced by ˘g when a vowel follows it due to
suffixation.
115
I will go to Ankara tomorrow
Yarın Ankara'ya gideceğim
116
‘tomorrow’
yarın
117
next week
gelecek hafta
118
next month
gelecek ay
119
next year
gelecek yıl
120
‘a little later’ (2)
birazdan / biraz sonra
121
‘soon /very soon’
yakında
çok yakında
122
‘again’
tekrar
123
one year later’
bir ay sonra
124
two weeks later’
iki hafta sonra
125
after class
dersten sonra
126
‘from now on/not any more’
artık
127
when is olacak used for the future
if there is no verb, ol- is required, used for predicate adjective constructions
128
Ayşe is very rich.
Ayşe will be very rich.
Ayşe çok zengin.
Ayşe çok zengin olacak.
129
What is the past tense marker?
-DI
130
Person markers with DI (want to)
istemek
ben istedim
sen - istedin
O - istedi
Biz - istedik
Siz - istediniz
Onlar - istediler
131
What is different in the negation and question of -DI compared to the progressive and future?
-mA comes after the stem, then -DI comes after it.
In the question form, you add -DI and the question particle comes right after -DI
With future and progressive, the person markers come after the question particle, with the past tense, the question particle comes after the person markers
132
I wanted
I did not want
Did I want?
Didn't I want?
Will I want to?
istedim
istemedim (stem-negative-DI - person)
istedim mi? (stem-DI -person - question particle)
istemedim mi? (stem-negative-DI - person - question particle)
isteyecek miyim? (verb sterm - -(y)AcAK) - question particle - person
133
Yesterday
dün
134
the day before yesterday
önceki gün
135
last week.
Geçen hafta.
136
last month.
Geçen ay.
137
last year
'geçen yıl'
138
‘a while ago
biraz önce
139
one month ago
bir ay önce
140
two weeks ago
iki hafta önce
141
before the class
dersten önce
142
yet (2)
henüz (negative)
daha
143
never, ever
hiç
144
‘recently’
son zamanlarda
145
What is the past tense marker when attached to nouns, adjectives, or var/yok
-(y)DI, y is dropped following a consonant
146
I was a doctor
doktordum.
147
I was not a doctor
doktor değildim.
148
Was I a doctor?
Doktor muydum?
149
wasn't I a doctor?
Doktor değil miydim?
150
you were a doctor
Doktordun
151
you weren't a doctor
Doktor değildin
152
Were you a doctor?
Doktor muydun?
153
weren't you a doctor?
doktor değil miydin?
154
He was a doctor. He wasn't a doctor. Was he a doctor? Wasn't he a doctor?
doktordu
Doktor değildi
Doktor muydu?
Doktor değil miydi?
155
They were doctors. They weren't doctors. Were they doctors? Weren't they doctors?
doktordular/doktorlardı
Doktor değildiler/Doktor değillerdi.
Doktor muydular?/ Doktorlar mıydı
Doktor değil miydiler?/Doktor değiller miydi?
156
How does (y)DI behave differently from -DI?
in the negative, it is attatched to the negative değil rather than the noun
In questions, the person markers and (y)DI come after the question particle, in verbs, -DI and the person markers come right after the verb.
157
did you go?
Were you tired?
Gittin mi?
yorgun muydun?
158
have we arrived?
Were we tired?
Geldik mi?
yorgun muyduk?
159
How does one express hearsay, indirect experience, inference
-mIş
160
(It turns out that / I heard that) Selim went to Ankara last week
Selim geçen hafta Ankara’ya gitmiş
161
Have you heard? Aysel bought a new car.
Duydunuz mu? Aysel yeni bir araba almış.
162
I read in the paper. There was a traffic accident in Bursa. Five people were injured.
Gazetede okudum. Bursa'da bir trafik kazası olmuş. Beş kişi yaralanmış.
163
-mIş paradigm istemek (ben) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişim, istememişim, istemiş miyim? istememiş miyim?
164
-mIş paradigm istemek (sen) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişsin, istememişsin, istemiş misin? istememiş misin?
165
-mIş paradigm istemek (O) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemiş, istememiş, istemiş mi? istememiş mi?
166
-mIş paradigm istemek (biz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişiz, istememişiz, istemiş miyiz? istememiş miyiz?
167
-mIş paradigm istemek (siz) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişsiniz, istememişsiniz, istemiş misiniz? istememiş misiniz?
168
-mIş paradigm istemek (onlar) (positive, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative)
istemişler, istememişler, istemişler mi?istememişler mi?
169
What is the aorist -Ir/-Ar?
used to express general facts, polite requests and questions, probable
situations, uncertain plans, guesses, habits, likes and dislikes.
170
Sun rises from the east.’
Güneş doğudan doğar.
171
Fish lives in water
Balık suda yaşar
172
Could you open the door?’
Lütfen kapıyı açar misiniz?'
173
Could you pass the salt?
Lutfen tuzu verir misiniz? ‘
174
Maybe we go to the movies tomorrow.’
Yarın belki sinemaya gideriz.'
175
Maybe Selim comes with us
Belki Selim de bizimle gelir
176
My mother wouldn’t like this dress.’
Annem bu elbiseyi beğenmez
177
I drink coffee with sugar.’
Ben kahveyi şekerli içerim.'
178
I never drink coffee.
Ben hiç kahve içmem.
179
What is the pattern for the aorist
Polysyllabic words ending in consonants take -Ir
Most monosyllabic verbs ending in consonants take -Ar
vowel ending verbs take only -r
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.
180
Thirteen verbs, although they are monosyllabic, take
-Ir rather than -Ar.
al, bil, bul, dur, gel, gör, kal, ol, öl, san, ver, var, vur
181
How is the aorist particle irregular in the negative?
. In the first person singular (ben) and the first
person plural (biz) there is no aorist marker after negation. Person markers come directly
after negation.
#
. In all the other persons, the aorist marker surfaces as -z
182
what does -DIr mean when attached to verbs and nouns?
fact or guess
183
The chicken is a bipedal animal.
Tavuk iki ayaklı bir hayvandır.
184
The world is round
Dünya yuvarlaktır
185
what is -mAktA
similar to -Iyor, but more formal.
The present sense that it expresses covers a
larger period of time and a longer and more repetitive event than would be expressed with
-Iyor.
186
Thousands of tourists come to Istanbul every year. Formal, more formal.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmekte.
Istanbul’a her yıl binlerce turist gelmektedir.
187
When does DIr only express guess/fact
It expresses only guess with -Iyor. It
expresses only fact with -mAktA.
188
What can DIr not be used with?
DIr cannot be used with the aorist. -DIr cannot be used with -DI either. Past interpretation
is expressed with -mIs¸tIr.
189
Imperative structure
use the bare form of the verb
Negative marker for negatives
Second person plural subjects have a subject agreement marker (y)In on them
When the second person plural marker is used to express “polite imperative,” an extra
person marker -Iz can be attached to sound even more polite and formal.
190
close imperative
sen kapat
o kapatsın
siz kapatın (ız)
onlar kapatsınlar
191
come (imperative)
sen gel
o gelsin
siz gelin(iz)
onlar gelsinler
192
Meaning and formation of the past progressive
-Iyor + -(y)DI
what you were doing at
a particular time in the past.
193
‘Mustafa was watching a football game last night at 9:00 pm.’
Mustafa dün gece saat dokuzda maçı izliyordu.
194
How does one talk about past habits and interests?
-Ar/ -Ir + -(y)DI
aorist and past tense
Can also mean 'would (otherwise)
195
When I was in Istanbul, I used to go to Buyükada every weekend.
Ben İstanbul'dayken her haftasonu Büyükada'ya giderdim.
196
I used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.
Ben eskiden günde bir paket sigara içerdim.
197
I'd come to Bodrum with you, but I'm busy.
Ben seninle Bodrum'a gelirdim ama çok işim var.
198
What is irregular about the formation of -(y)DI after -Ar/-I
In the negative construction, first person singular and plural forms do not have the negative aorist marker z, In the past aorist when the negative aorist is followed
by -(y)DI, z. reappears in all persons.
199
How do you express 'was going to (but didn't happen)'
-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI,
200
I was going to visit Zeynep in ˙
Istanbul, but I did not have time
İstanbul'da Zeynep'i ziyaret edecektim ama vaktim olmadı.
201
almost (3)
az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse,
all typically used with Iyor + DI or -(y)AcAK + DI verbs to emphasise 'almost, was going to'
202
we almost missed the bus
we (very almost) missed the bus
Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçıracaktık
-(y)AcAK ± -(y)DI
Az kalsın, az daha, neredeyse otobüsü kaçırıyorduk
(Iyor-DI)
203
How to express the remote past and an event that has already
happened and been completed.
mIş ± -(y)DI,
204
‘We had seen this film.’
biz bu fılmi görmüştük.
205
already
çoktan
206
yet
henüz
207
‘When I was at elementary school, my elder sister had already finished high school.’
"Ben ilkokuldayken ablam çoktan liseyi bitirmişti.
208
Never in my life
Hayatımda hiç bu kadar
