Ability and possibility Flashcards

1
Q

what does -(y)Abil express ın the affırmatıve

A

ability and possibility

-(y)Abil is used to form polite requests as well. Using -(y)Abil together with the aorist
makes the question more polite.

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2
Q

Can you drink tea without sugar? inf

A

Sen çayı şekersiz içebilir misin?

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3
Q

What time can you be home? form

A

Saat kaçta evde olabilirsiniz?

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4
Q

Mrs Hale will be able to attend tomorrow’s meetings.

A

Yarınki toplantılara Hale Hanım da katılabilecek.

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5
Q

Can I sit here?

A

Burada oturabilir miyim?

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6
Q

Could you turn the radio down a bit?
Could you turn the radio down a bit?
form

A

Radyonun sesini biraz kısabilir misiniz?
Radyonun sesini biraz kısar mısınız?

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7
Q

-(y)Abil ın the negatıve

A

The -(y)Abil that expresses ability and permission precedes the
negative suffix. -(y)A-mA,

In the case of the ‘possibility’ meaning, the -(y)Abil suffix precedes the negative suffix.

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8
Q

I can cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor-um.

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9
Q

you can cook good food. inf

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor-sun.

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10
Q

she can cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor.

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11
Q

we can cook good food

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor-uz

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12
Q

you can cook good food. form

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor-sunuz.

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13
Q

they can cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-abil-iyor-lar.

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14
Q

I don’t cook good food..

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor-um.

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15
Q

you don’t cook good food. inf

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor-sun.

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16
Q

he doesnt cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor.

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17
Q

we dont cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor-uz.

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18
Q

you dont cook good food. form

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor-sunuz.

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19
Q

they don’t cook good food.

A

güzel yemek yap-a-mı-yor-lar.

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20
Q

‘I may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-im

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21
Q

You may come to the party inf

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-sin

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22
Q

he may come to the party

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir

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23
Q

we may come to the party

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-iz

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24
Q

you form may come to the party

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-siniz

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25
Q

they may come to the party

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-ler

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26
Q

I cant come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-m

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27
Q

you inf cannot come to the partz

A

Partiye gel-e-me-z-sin

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28
Q

he cannot come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-z

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29
Q

we cannot come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yiz

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30
Q

you form cannot come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-z-siniz

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31
Q

they cannot come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-z-ler

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32
Q

I may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir-im

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33
Q

you inf may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir-sin

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34
Q

he may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir

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35
Q

we may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir-iz

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36
Q

you form may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir-siniz

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37
Q

they may not come to the party

A

Partiye gel-me-yebil-ir-ler

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38
Q

How do you express a sentence where both ability and possibility need to be expressed ‘I may be able to go’

A

in the
case of the affirmative sentence, only one -(y)Abil is used and the sentence is disambiguated
within the context.

In the case of the negative sentences, two -(y)Abil suffixes are attached
to the word, one before the negative -mA and one after it. The tense marker comes after
the -(y)Abil suffixes.

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39
Q

I may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-im

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40
Q

you inf may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-sin

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41
Q

he may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir

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42
Q

we may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-iz

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43
Q

you form may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-siniz

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44
Q

they may/can come to the party’

A

Partiye gel-ebil-ir-ler

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45
Q

I may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir-im

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46
Q

you inf may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir-sin

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47
Q

he may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir

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48
Q

we may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir-iz

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49
Q

you form may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir-siniz

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50
Q

they may not be able to come to the party

A

Partiye gel-e-me-yebil-ir-ler

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51
Q

Birds can fly but cannot swim

A

Kuşlar uçabilir ama yüzemez

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52
Q

Cats can climb trees but cannot dance

A

Kediler ağaca tırmanabilir ama dans edemez

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53
Q

Babies can drink milk but not coffee

A

Bebekler süt içebilir ama kahve içemez

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54
Q

Under 18s can travel by bus but cannot drive.

A

18 yaşından küçükler otobüsle seyahat edebilir ama araba kullanamaz.

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55
Q

Tourists in Uludag can ski, but not swim

A

Uludağ’daki turistler kayak yapabilir, ama denize giremez

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56
Q

(You) can swim in this lake, but you cannot catch fish. form

A

(Siz) bu gölde yüzebilirsiniz, ama balık yakalayamazsınız.

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57
Q

(We) can have a picnic in this forest, but we cannot light a fire.

A

(Biz) bu ormanda piknik yapabiliriz, ama ateş yakamayız.

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58
Q

(You) can get off the train at this station, but you cannot transfer inf

A

(Sen) bu istasyonda trenden inebilirsin ama transfer yapamazsın

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59
Q

(You) can look at your lecture notes in the exam, but you cannot talk to each other form

A

(Siz) sınavda ders notlarınıza bakabilirsiniz ama birbirinizle konuşamazsınız

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60
Q

(I) can read Chinese, but I can’t write.

A

(Ben) Çince okuyabilirim, ama yazamam.

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61
Q

Octopus can swim

A

Ahtapot yüzebilir

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62
Q

The horse can carry a load

A

At yük taşıyabilir

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63
Q

Fish can’t climb a tree

A

Balık ağaca tırmanamaz

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64
Q

Camel can’t eat meat

A

Deve et yiyemez

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65
Q

The elephant can’t run very fast

A

Fil çok hızlı koşamaz

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66
Q

A cow can’t live at home,

A

İnek evde yaşayamaz,

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67
Q

Kangaroo can jump

A

Kanguru zıplayabilir

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68
Q

The dog can eat bones

A

Köpek kemik yiyebilir

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69
Q

The bird can sing

A

Kuş şarkı söyleyebilir

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70
Q

A chicken can lay eggs,

A

Tavuk yumurtlayabilir,

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71
Q

The snake cannot fly

A

Yılan uçamaz

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72
Q

Excuse me, can you (you) open the door? form

A

Affedersiniz, (siz) kapıyı açabilir misiniz?

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73
Q

Can you change this money? form

A

Şu parayı bozabilir misiniz?

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74
Q

Can you speak a little louder? form

A

Biraz daha yüksek sesle konuşabilir misiniz?

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75
Q

Can you bring an empty plate? form

A

Boş bir tabak getirebilir misiniz?

76
Q

Can you answer the phones? form

A

Telefonlara bakabilir misiniz?

77
Q

Can you stop that taxi? form

A

Şu taksiyi durdurabilir misiniz?

78
Q

Can we fınd out our flight times? form

A

Uçuş saatlerimizi öğrenebilir miyiz?

79
Q

Can you take the kids to the park? form

A

Çocukları parka götürebilir misiniz?

80
Q

Can you hang the washing on the line? form

A

Çamaşırları ipe asabilir misiniz?

81
Q

Can you find out the location of the Istanbul Modern Museum? form

A

İstanbul Modern müzesinin yerini öğrenebilir misiniz?

82
Q

Can you wake the children?

A

Çocukları uyandırabilir misiniz?

83
Q

Can you let the dogs out in the garden? form

A

Köpekleri bahçeye çıkarabilir misiniz?

84
Q

Can I walk wıth you to the pier? form

A

Sizinle iskeleye kadar yürüyebilir miyim?

85
Q

Could you turn the TV down a bit? form

A

Televizyonun sesini biraz kısabilir misiniz?

86
Q

Could you leave our morning paper at the door?

A

Sabah gazetemizi kapıya bırakabilir misiniz?

87
Q

I can’t go to Ankara this weekend.

A

Bu haftasonu Ankara’ya gidemem.

88
Q

I could go to Bodrum with my uncle.

A

Amcamla Bodrum’a gidebilirim.

89
Q

I may not be able to finish this report before five o’clock today.

A

Bu raporu bugün beşten önce bitiremeyebilirim

90
Q

I can buy you a ticket.

A

Sana bilet alabilirim

91
Q

I may not call my mum from the airport.

A

Annemi havaalanından aramayabilirim.

92
Q

I can give a course on Ottoman history in the summer school.

A

Yaz okulunda Osmanlı tarihi
üzerine bir ders verebilirim.

93
Q

I can take the guests to dinner tonight.

A

Bu gece misafirleri yemeğe götürebilirim

94
Q

Obligation and necessity suffix

A

-mAlI

95
Q

‘It is 6 pm, I should go home.’

A

Saat altı olmuş artık eve dönmeliyim.

96
Q

‘If you’d like to get a good mark in the university entrance exam, you should study harder.’

A

Üniversite sınavında iyi bir puan almak istiyorsan daha çok çalışmalısın.

97
Q

ı must read

A

okumalıyım

98
Q

you must read inf

A

okumalısın

99
Q

he must read

A

okumalı

100
Q

we must read

A

okumalıyız

101
Q

you form must read

A

okumalısınız

102
Q

they must read

A

okumalı(lar)

103
Q

I must not read

A

okumamalıyım

104
Q

you inf must not read

A

okumamalısın

105
Q

he must not read

A

okumamalı

106
Q

we must not read

A

okumamalıyız

107
Q

you form must not read

A

okumamalısınız

108
Q

they must not read

A

okumamalılar

109
Q

must I read?

A

okumalı mıyım?

110
Q

must you inf read?

A

okumalı mısın?

111
Q

mus he read?

A

okumalı mı?

112
Q

must we read?

A

okumalı mıyız?

113
Q

must you inf read?

A

okumalı mısınız?

114
Q

must they read?

A

okumalılar mı?

115
Q

must I not read?

A

okumamalı mıyım?

116
Q

must you inf not read?

A

okumamalı mısın?

117
Q

must he not read?

A

okumamalı mı?

118
Q

must we not read?

A

okumamalı mıyız?

119
Q

must you form not read?

A

okumamalı mısınız?

120
Q

must they not read?

A

okumamalılar mı?

121
Q

what are the four nomınal predıcates used to express necessıty

A

lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

122
Q

‘It is necessary to wake up early tomorrow morning.’

A

Yarın sabah erken kalkmak lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

123
Q

‘It is necessary/obligatory to have health insurance.’

A

Sağlık sigortası yaptırmak lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

124
Q

difference between predicate nomınals

A

Gerek/gerekli and lazım have the same meaning. Lazım is an older word. Şart expresses
obligation more than necessity. They can be used with infinitive -mAK, as seen in the
examples above. The verb does not have a person marker and the subject of the clause is
not expressed. So the clause has a general interpretation.

125
Q

more money is required for making this trip

A

Bu seyahate çıkmak için daha çok para lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

126
Q

how many signatures are required for this petition?

A

Bu dilekçe için kaç imza lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

127
Q

Does Ryan have to go to France?

A

Ryan’ın Fransa’ya gitmesi şart mı?

128
Q

(I) have to get up early tomorrow morning.

A

(Benim) yarın sabah erken kalkmam lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

129
Q

(You) have to get up early tomorrow morning. inf

A

(Senin) yarın sabah erken kalkman lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

130
Q

(he) has to get up early tomorrow morning.

A

(Onun) yarın sabah erken kalkması lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

131
Q

(we) have to get up early tomorrow morning.

A

(Bizim) yarın sabah erken kalkmamız lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

132
Q

(you form) have to get up early tomorrow morning.

A

(Sizin) yarın sabah erken kalkmanız lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

133
Q

(they) have to get up early tomorrow morning.

A

(Onların) yarın sabah erken kalkması/kalkmaları lazım/şart/gerek/gerekli.

134
Q

zorunda/mecburiyetinde (olmak)
zorunda/mecburiyetinde kalmak

meaning

A

used with complement clauses with -mAK. The word mecburiyetinde is the older form of zorunda but it is still used today. Mecburiyetinde/zorunda olmak expresses a current situation without making any reference to the reasons behind the event.

Mecburiyetinde/zorunda kalmak expresses the situation that is a result of an unexpected
or undesired event.

135
Q

Our shuttle’s not running this week. We have to take a taxi to work

A

Bu hafta servisimiz çalışmıyor. İşe taksiyle gitmek zorundayız

136
Q

The shuttle didn’t come this morning, we had to take a taxi to work. (unexpected)

A

Bu sabah servis gelmedi, işe taksiyle gitmek zorunda kaldık.

137
Q

Dad has to work this weekend.

A

Babam bu haftasonu çalışmak zorunda.

138
Q

I have to buy a new dress for my sister’s wedding.

A

Ablamın düğünü için yeni bir elbise almak zorundayım.

139
Q

When the weather suddenly got cold, we had to change our holiday plans. (unexpected)

A

Havalar birden soğuyunca tatil planlarımızı değiştirmek zorunda kaldık.

140
Q

obliged to

A

The word mecbur is used with the -mAğA suffix attached to its complements.

141
Q

You ınf are oblıged to tell the police everything.

A

Polise herşeyi anlatmaya mecbursun.

142
Q

(You) should be more careful when driving and always fasten your seat belt inf

conj

A

(Sen) araba kullanırken daha dikkatli olmalısın ve herzaman emniyet kemerinizi bağlamalısın

143
Q

(I) should spend less money

conj

A

(Ben) daha az para harcamalıyım

144
Q

I think he should wear glasses.
conj

A

Bence o gözlük kullanmalı

145
Q

(We) should not go to Datça in this season
conj

A

(Biz) Datça’ya bu mevsimde gitmemeliyiz

146
Q

(They) should learn Italian as soon as possible
conj

A

(Onlar) Bir an önce İtalyanca öğrenmeli

147
Q

To be healthy (you) should stop smoking, start doing sports and eat healthy food. inf
conj

A

Sağlıklı olmak için (sen) sigarayı bırakmalısın, spora başlamalısın ve saglıklı beslenmelisin

148
Q

There’s nothing to eat at home. We have to go to the supermarket and do some shopping.
conj

A

Evde yiyecek birşey yok. Markete gidip alışveriş yapmalıyız

149
Q

To be a basketball player you have to be a bit taller
conj

A

Basketbolcu olmak için biraz daha uzun boylu olmalı

150
Q

What we must do to win the competition
conj

A

Yarışmayı kazanmak için neler yapmalıyız

151
Q

You must switch on your headlights when entering the tunnel form
conj

A

Tünele girerken farlarınızı yakmalısınız

152
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to make a hotel reservation].

A

otel rezervasyonu yaptırmam] lazım.

153
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to buy a plane ticket

A

Uçak bileti almam lazım

154
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to get sun cream.

A

Güneş kremi almam lazım

155
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to ask the boss for permission.

A

Patrondan izin istemem lazım

156
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to tell my parents.

A

Aileme haber vermem lazım

157
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to pack a bag.

A

Çanta hazırlamam lazım

158
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to buy books and magazines to read

A

Okumak için kitap ve dergi almam lazım

159
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to find someone to look after my cat.

A

Kedime bakacak birini bulmam lazım

160
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to eat healthy

A

Sağlıklı beslenmem lazım

161
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to eat low-calorie food

A

Kalorisi düşük yemekler yemem lazım

162
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to work out.

A

Spor yapmam lazım

163
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to move more.

A

Daha çok haraket etmem lazım

164
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to drink more water

A

Daha çok su içmem lazım

165
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to eat less ice cream.

A

Daha az dondurma yemem lazım

166
Q

ıt ıs necessary (for me) to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A

. Daha çok sebze ve meyve yemem lazım

167
Q

I had to go back home because I forgot my wallet at home

A

Cüzdanımı evde unuttuğum için eve dönmek zorunda kaldım

168
Q

My secretary resigned yesterday. I had to write all the letters myself

A

Sekreterim dün istifa etti. Bütün mektupları kendim yazmak zorunda kaldım

169
Q

Ahmet has to work harder if he wants to get into a good department.

A

Ahmet iyi bir bölümü kazanmak istiyorsa daha çok çalışmak zorunda

170
Q

If you want to lose weight, you have to eat healthier

A

Kilo vermek istiyorsan daha sağlıklı beslenmek zorundasın

171
Q

We have to go early to get a good seat in the concert hall

A

Konser salonunda iyi bir yere oturmak için erken gitmek zorundayız

172
Q

I had to serve pizza to the guests because I burnt the food.

A

Yemeği yaktığım için misafirlere pizza ikram etmek zorunda kaldım

173
Q

You had to change our holiday plans because the kids got sick? form

A

Çocuklar hastalandığı için mi tatil planlarımızı değiştirmek zorunda kaldınız?

174
Q

I don’t like my job, but unfortunately I have to work.

A

İşimi hiç sevmiyorum ama maalesef çalışmak zorundayım

175
Q

I have to finish my homework by five o’clock tonight.

A

Ödevimi bu akşam beşe kadar bitirmek zorunda

176
Q

Do we have to call Mr Hasan to a meeting?

A

Hasan Bey’i toplantıya çağırmak zorunda mıyız?

177
Q

I have to drop Sedef and her husband at the terminal.

A

Sedef ve kocasını terminale bırakmak zorundayım

178
Q

It ıs necessarz (oblıgatıon) that I work on Sundays until the end of the month

A

Ay sonuna kadar Pazar günleri de çalışmam şart

179
Q

I have to confess everything to him.

A

Ona herşeyi itiraf etmeye mecburum

180
Q

If Dad’s not better by tomorrow, we’ll have to find a doctor.

A

Babam yarına kadar iyileşmezse, bir doktor bulmak zorundayız

181
Q

. We have to meet the guests at the door.

A

. Misafirleri kapıda karşılamak zorundayız

182
Q

It ıs necessary (obl) that you ınf drink a lot of water.

A

Senin bol bol su içmen şart

183
Q

It ıs necessary (obl) that Murat meet Aslıhan’s mother

A

Murat’ın Aslıhan’ın annesiyle tanışması şart

184
Q

Do I have to sign all these letters?

A

Bu mektupların hepsini imzalamak zorunda mıyım?

185
Q

Do I have to take this class?

A

Bu dersi almaya mecbur muyum?

186
Q

Do you have to call your dad so often? inf

A

Babanı bu kadar sık araman şart mı?