Neurodegenerative diseases facts

Question 1

Parkinsons disease

Answer 1

degeneration of the basal ganglia (substantial nigra and corpus striatum), causing suppression of voluntary movements and tremor

Question 2

Parkinsons secondary issues

Answer 2

Often dementia and autonomic dysfunction are associated

Question 3

Parkinson’s etiology

Answer 3

usually idiopathic although can be drug induced (antipsychotics)

Question 4

Parkinsons main issue

Answer 4

Protein misfolding and alpha-synculein aggregation into Lewy bodies kills 90% of dopamine neurons
5-HT and NA also effected

Question 5

Parkinsons Main issue cause

Answer 5

Leads to enhanced GABA in thalamus which reduces motor cortex movement initiation

Question 6

Huntingtons disease cause

Answer 6

Inherited autosomal dominant causing degeneration causing dementia and movement disorder
-symptoms opposite of Parkinson’s

Question 7

Huntingtons disease function

Answer 7

Build up of glutamine resides on Huntington protein (>50) causes inclusion bodies which kill GABA nerons in cortex/striatum
basal ganglia loss results in too much DA action and movement

Question 8

Alzheimers

Answer 8

form of dementia with no preceding cause, A-beta and tau olgiomers cause death of cholinergic neruons in hippocampus and frontal cortex

Question 9

A beta oligimers

Answer 9

Root cause of Alzheimer as they activate NMDA receptors (Ca+ influx) and cause excitotoxicity

Question 10

MAO-A

Answer 10

Found in the periphery

Question 11

MAO-B

Answer 11

Found in the CNS

Question 12

mAchR 4

Answer 12

presynaptic on dopamine neurons, activation inhibits release
can be targeted for Parkinson’s treatment

Question 13

AChe

Answer 13

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in the synapses

Question 14

BuChE

Answer 14

butyrylcholinestarase inhibitor in the plasma