Hypertension drugs

Question 1

Captopril

Answer 1

ACE inhibitor
-prevents AII generation
—-
hypertension
heart failure (reduced after load)
—-
-hypotension
-cough (bradykinin)
-taste disturbance

Question 2

Valsartan

Answer 2

ARB (angio receptor blocker)
AT1 inhibitor on SMC
-prevents the action and alderstone release from AII binding
—
hypertension
heart failure (reduced after load)
—
-hypotension
-reversible renal impairment
-teratogenic

Question 3

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 3

Thiazide drug
-inhibits Na+/Cl- transporter in distal tubule
-decreases blood volume
—
hypertension
—
-diuretic
-hypotension
-hypokalemia and glucose intolerance
-gout

Question 4

Nifedipine

Answer 4

A dihydropyridine
-L-type VG Ca+ channel antagonist
-thus dilates vessels
—
hypertension
Pregnancy hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension
–
-flushing
-headache
-ankle swelling

Question 5

Prazosin

Answer 5

-selective alpha 1 adreno antagonist
-blocks in SMC causing vasodilation
—
hypertension
—
-hypotension
-Loss of bladder control when stressed
-impotence

Question 6

Propanolol

Answer 6

beta blocker
-reduce CO
-prevent renin release
—-
hypertension
BP fall happens in a few days
—–
-bonchoconstriction
-cold extremities
-cardiac depression

Question 7

Nebivolol

Answer 7

new beta blocker loke propranolol but has NO production to reduce peripheral vaso constriction

Question 8

Nitroprusside

Answer 8

NO donor
-stimulates cGMP signalling
-both arterial and venous action
—
acute hypertension In hospital
—
-generates cyanide
-weakness
-inhibits thyroid

Question 9

Methyldopa

Answer 9

Partial agonist version of NA
-causes overall less sympathetic activity lowering blood pressure
—
pregnancy hypertension

Question 10

Labetalol

Answer 10

/
non selective adrenergic antagonist
—–
good for pregnancy hypertension

Question 11

Hydralazine

Answer 11

likely inhibits IP mediated Ca+ release
-this prevents contraction of arterioles (reduces after load)
—
pregnancy hypertension
heart failure

Question 12

Metoprolol

Answer 12

Beta 1 selective antagonist
-prevents harmful sympathetic heart remodelling
-also inhibits RAAS
-reduce HR (long filling) and BP
—
heart failure
—-
start with low doses as they decease CO

Question 13

Bisoprolol

Answer 13

Beta 1 selective antagonist
-prevents harmful sympathetic heart remodelling
-also inhibits RAAS
-reduce HR (long filling) and BP
—
heart failure
—-
start with low doses as they decease CO

Question 14

Carvedilol

Answer 14

Beta/alpha 1 antagonist
-prevents harmful sympathetic heart remodelling
-also inhibits RAAS
-reduce HR (long filling) and BP
—
heart failure
—-
start with low doses as they decease CO

Question 15

Spironolactone

Answer 15

Aldosterone receptor gene antagonist
-Prevents blood volume increase
-also prevents transporter expression
—
heart failure
—

Question 16

eplerenone

Answer 16

Aldosterone receptor gene antagonist
-Prevents blood volume increase
-also prevents transporter expression
—
heart failure
—

Question 17

Furosemide

Answer 17

Loop diuretic
-inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in ascending limb
—
heart failure

Question 18

Digoxin

Answer 18

Cardiac glycoside
-inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase
-positive inotropic effect (more Na+ in cell=more Ca+ release)
-less K+ in cell lengthens filling time
—-
heart failure
Good for last resort treatment if ACEI or diuretics don’t work
—

Question 19

isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 19

organic nitrate
-donates NO to relax venous system (preload reduction)
—
heart failure