Musculoskeletal system and analysis of movement in physical activities Flashcards
What is an articulating bone
Bones that move with a joint
What are the articulating bones for the elbow
Humerus, radius, ulna
What are the articulating bones for the knee
Femur
Tibia
What are the articulating bones for the ankle
Talus
Tibia
Fibula
What are the articulating bones at the shoulder
Humerus and scapula
What are the articulating bones at the hip
Femur
Pelvis
What movement occurs at a ball and socket joint
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
What are the 3 parts of the quadriceps
vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
What are the 3 parts of the hamstrings
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Is the gluteus medius above or below the gluteus maxiumus
Above the gluteus maximus, the gluteus maximus is above the adductor magnus
Where is the deltoid anterior located
At the front of the shoulder
Where is the deltoid posterior located
At the back of the shoulder
Where is the pectoralis major located
In the chest, makes up the bulk
Where is the pectoralis minor located
Below the pectoralis major
What are the two ends of muscles
Origin- attaches to the stationary bone
Insertion- attached to the moving bone
What are antagonistic pairs
As one muscle contracts (shortens) the other relaxes (lengthens), the muscles contracting is called the agonist or the prime mover. The relaxing muscle is called the antagonist
What is isometric contractions
When muscle length remains relatively constant
What is an eccentric contraction
Is the lengthening of a muscle- relaxation
What is a concentric contraction
The shortening of a muscle- contraction
Antagonistic pairs: biceps and triceps
-Flexion of the arm at the elbow (upward phase of bicep curl, the bicep is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist as it is relaxing to allow the bicep to contract
- extension of the arm at the elbow (straightening arms in chest press)- biceps is the antagonist and triceps is the agonist. The bicep is relaxing to allow the triceps to contract
what is the sagittal plane
a vertical plane, which divides the body into right and left parts
- goes with transverse axis
- extension, flexion, plantar flexion, dors- flexion, hyper-extension
what is the frontal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back halves
- goes with sagittal axis
- abduction, adduction
what is the transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
- goes with longitudinal axis
- rotation, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction
what is transverse axis
runs from side to side across the body
what is sagittal axis
runs from front to back
what is longitudinal axis
runs from top to bottom
examples of the sagittal plane about a transverse axis
kicking football
chest pass in netball
walking
jumping
squatting
examples of the frontal plane about a sagittal axis
cartwheel
examples of the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis
360 twist
spin
discuss thrower rotating
what is an agonist
the prime mover
responsible for the movement occuring
what is the antagonist
muscle that works in opposition to the agnosit
main agonist and antagonist for joint actions
joint action-agonist-antagonist
elbow flexion-biceps-triceps
elbow extension-triceps-biceps
ankle plantar flexion-gastrocnemius-tibialis anterior
ankle dorsiflexion-tibialis anterior-gastrocnemius
knee extension-quadriceps-hamstrings
knee flexion-hamstrings-quadriceps
hip flexion-iliopsoas/hip flexors-gluteals
hip extension/hyper extension-gluteals-hip flexors
hip adduction & horizontal-adductors-tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius
hip abduction & horizontal-tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius- adductors
shoulder flexion-anterior deltoid-latissimus dorsi
shoulder extension-latissimus dorsi- anterior deltoid
shoulder horizontal abduction-latissimus dorsi-pectorals
shoulder horizontal adduction-pectorals-latissimus dorsi
shoulder adduction-posterior deltoid-middle deltoid
shoulder abduction-middle deltoid-posterior deltoid
