learning theories Flashcards
what is operant conditioning (skinner)
the use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
- links correct responses to a stimulus
- behaviourist theory
- based on trial and error learning
- coach might manipulate the environment when using operant conditioning
- it shapes behaviour by using reinforcement
- reinforced actions are strengthened and that incorrect actions can be weakened
teh stimulus response bond
- operant conditioning works by strengthening the link between the stimulus and the response= stimulus response bond
- if ball in football is high, best response is to header it
- by linking apropriate response to stimulus, action can be learned
what is positive reinforcement
pleasant stimulus after the correct response
e.g. a certificate
what is negative reinforcement
taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response
- withdrawing unpleasant stimulus to encourage correct response
e.g. if coach suddenly becomes quiet after constantly saying you were playing badly or performing the skill incorrectly then the learner knows they have performed it correctly
what is a punishment
an unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions occurring
e.g. red card given to a player
what is observational learning (Bandura)
suggests both acceptable and unacceptable behavioour can be learned by watching and then copying other people
- coach could use demonstrations and role models to show skills during practice are successfully copied by the players
- bandura suggested that performer is more likely to copy a model demonstration if the coach uses 4 processes: attention, retention, motor production, motivation
what is attention
making the demonstration attrctive to the performer
what is retention
remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
what is motor production
having the mental and physical ability to do the task
what is motivation
having the drive to do the task
