Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

two major neurotransmitters involved in depression

A

norepinephrine and serotonin (5HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

serotonin regulates

A

sleep, appetite, libido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

serotonin circuit dysfunction results

A

poor impulse control, low sex drive, decreased appetite, disturbed regulation of body temperature and irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

decreased levels of norepinephrine results

A

anergia, anhedonia, decreased concentration, diminished libido (depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dopamine neurons in mesolimbic system effects

A

play a role in reward and incentive behavior processes, emotional expression, learning processes

  • especially true in melancholic states in severe MDD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beck’s cognitive theory of depression (beck’s cognitive triad)`

A
  • negative, self-deprecating view of self
  • pessimistic view of world
  • the belief that negative reinforcement (or no validation for the self) will continue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

automatic negative thoughts

A

repetitive, unintended, not readily controllable

  • developed by beck
  • consistent in all types of depression, regardless of clinical subtype
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

learned helplessness (seligman)

A

anxiety is initial response to stressor, but replaced by depression if person feels no control over outcome
- can explain depression in older adults, impoverished, women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biogenic amine hypothesis of depression

A
  • caused by deficiency of monoamines (esp NE and 5HT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

monoamine

A

amine containing one amino group

ex: serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

receptor sensitivity hypothesis of depression

A

supersensitivity and upregulation

- post-synaptic neuron tries to compensate for a lack of stimulation (due to deficiency of NE & 5HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

continuum of depression: transient

A

in response to life’s everyday disappointments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

continuum of depression: mild

A

normal grief response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

continuum of depression: moderate

A

dysthymic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

continuum of depression: severe

A

major depressive episode or disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major depressive episode (general description)

A
  • often following psychosocial stressor (marital, occupational, academic problems)
  • many somatic complaints
  • tearful, irritable, anxious, phobias
  • most serious consequence: suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

major depressive episode (common symptoms)

A
  • depressed mood
  • anhedonia
  • anxiety
  • psychomotor changes
  • somatic symptoms
  • vegetative signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vegetative signs

A

activities necessary to support life: eating, sleeping, elimination, sex

19
Q

major depressive episode (criteria)

A

5+ present during same 2 week period, one of which is either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of pleasure:

  • significant weight loss or gain
  • insomnia or hypersomnia
  • psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • fatigue or loss of energy
  • feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • diminished ability to think or concentrate
  • recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, OR attempt OR specific plan
20
Q

major depressive episode (course)

A
  • prodromal symptoms: may include anxiety, mild depressive symptoms
  • majority return to premorbid level of functioning
  • 20-30% may have symptoms (that don’t meet full criteria) persist for months to years, may be associated with some disability or distress
21
Q

major depression: 0 - 3

A

feeding problems
failure to thrive
lack of playfulness/emotional expression
delay: speech, gross motor development

22
Q

major depression: 3 - 5

A

accident prone
aggressiveness
phobias
excessive self-reproach

23
Q

major depression: 6 - 8

A

vague physical complaints
aggressiveness
cling to parents/avoid new people and challenges
lag in social, academic skills

24
Q

major depression: 9 - 12

A

morbid thoughts
excessive worry
possible reasoning they have disappointed others
possible lack of interest in play or friends

25
Q

major neurotransmitters involved in bipolar disorder

A

NE, dopamine, 5HT combinations
ex: increased dopamine, increased NE
decreased 5HT, increased NE

26
Q

persistent depressive disorder aka

A

dysthymic disorder

27
Q

persistent depressive disorder (general description)

A

depressed mood for at least 2 years

  • never more than 2 months without symptoms
    • children/teens: at least 1 year
    • onset: childhood, adolescence, early adult
  • high co-morbidity with anxiety disorders
28
Q

persistent depressive disorder (criteria)

A

two or more:

  • increased/decreased appetite
  • insomnia/hypersomnia
  • low energy, fatigue
  • low self-esteem
  • hopelessness, despair
  • decreased concentration/decision making
29
Q

persistent depressive disorder (common symptoms: children and adolescents)

A
  • irritable, cranky, depressed
  • low self-esteem, social skills
  • pessimistic
  • very, very serious
  • poor academic performance
  • limited social interaction
30
Q

mood dysregulation disorder (cheat sheet)

A

purpose - address potential for overdiagnosis/treatment of BPAD in children

presentation: persistent irritability, frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol

pattern typically evolves into unipolar depression or anxiety disorders

31
Q

bipolar disorder type I

A

history of at least one manic OR mixed episode

  • may have also experienced episodes of depression
32
Q

bipolar disorder type II

A

history of depressive episode AND at least one hypomanic episode

  • manic or mixed has NEVER occurred
33
Q

manic episode (criteria)

A

abnormally, persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 1 week…

+ 3 of the following:

  • inflated esteem, grandiosity
  • decreased need for sleep
  • more talkative, pressured
  • flight of ideas, “racing thoughts” (subjective)
  • distractable
  • increase in goal directed activity, psychomotor agitation
  • excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with high potential for painful consequences
34
Q

manic episode (course)

A
  • frequently follows psychosocial stressor
  • begins suddenly, rapid escalation over few days
  • lasts from few weeks - several months (more brief, end more abruptly than MDE)
  • 50 to 60%: MDE immediately precedes/follows
35
Q

hypomanic episode (criteria)

A
  • persistent, abnormally elevated mood lasting at least 4 days
  • not severe enough to cause marked impairment
  • does not require hospitalization
  • psychotic features, delusions, hallucinations CANNOT be present
36
Q

hypomanic episode (course)

A
  • begins suddenly, rapid escalation within a day or two
  • may last several weeks to months (more abrupt in onset, briefer than depressive episodes)
  • may be preceded/followed by depressive episode
  • 5 to 15% eventually develop manic episode
37
Q

mixed episode (criteria)

A

1) criteria met for bot manic and major depressive episode (except duration)
2) severe enough to cause impairment OR require hospitalization to prevent harm OR psychotic features

frequently present with: agitation, insomnia, change in appetite, suicidal thoughts, psychotic features

38
Q

mixed episode (course)

A
  • can evolve from manic or major depressive episode OR on its own
  • may last weeks to several months
  • may remit with few or no symptoms OR evolve into major depressive episode
  • uncommon to evolve into manic
39
Q

cyclothymic disorder (cheat sheet)

A
  • begins in adolescence, early adult life
  • 15 to 50% risk of developing bipolar
  • chronic (2+ years) fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
40
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is…

A

induction of generalized seizure; 85% effective depending on client

41
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): indications

A
  • rapid need
  • extreme agitation OR stupor
  • risks of rx outweigh risk of ECT
  • history of poor med response + ECT response
42
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): client population

A 
MDD
BPAD
Manic (Lithium resistant)
Rapid cycling Bipolar I (4 episodes in 12 months)
psychotic illness
43
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): adverse effects

A
  • confusion, delirium shortly afterwards
  • memory impairment
  • mild transient cardiac arrhythmias
  • mortality 0.002 per treatment, 0.01 per patient

Undeleted (79 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions