2 Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

musculoskeletal system requires (x4)

Answer 1

• intact nervous system
• intact muscles
• intact bones
• intact stability

Question 2

musculoskeletal assessment (x3)

Answer 2

• strength (muscles)
• stability (bones)
• flexibility (joints)

Question 3

osteoclast

Answer 3

bone resorbing

Question 4

osteoblast

Answer 4

bone forming

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

metabolic bone disease

- decrease in quality, quantity of bone

Question 6

highest risk for osteoporosis

Answer 6

post-menopausal women

Question 7

osteomalacia

Answer 7

softening of bone from defective mineralization

Question 8

atrophy

Answer 8

reduction in size

Question 9

ankylosis

Answer 9

stiffness of joint

Question 10

arthritis

Answer 10

inflammation of joint

Question 11

lifespan considerations: infant/child

Answer 11

• safety
• cognitive unawareness of environment

until awareness developed, CHILD SAFETY FOCUS

Question 12

lifespan considerations: elderly

Answer 12

increased osteoclast activity
decreased osteoblast activity

weight bearing and strengthening exercises!

Question 13

increased risk for osteoporosis

Answer 13

Caucasian or Asian

Question 14

spine curves expected (x3)

Answer 14

cervical: concave
thoracic: convex
lumbar: concave

Question 15

kyphosis

Answer 15

exaggerated convex thoracic (hunchy)

Question 16

lordosis

Answer 16

exaggerated concave lumbar

Question 17

poker spine

Answer 17

loss of curves

Question 18

scoliosis

Answer 18

lateral shift of spine curve

Question 19

fasiculation

Answer 19

twitching/spasm/involuntary muscle movements

Question 20

active range of motion

Answer 20

client moves themselves

Question 21

passive range of motion

Answer 21

examiner supports/moves extremities

Question 22

flexion

Answer 22

decreases angle

Question 23

extension

Answer 23

increases angle

Question 24

hyperextension

Answer 24

straighten joint beyond limit

Question 25

pronation

Answer 25

front/ventral down

Question 26

supination

Answer 26

front/ventral up

Question 27

abduction

Answer 27

move away from midline

Question 28

adduction

Answer 28

move toward midline

Question 29

eversion

Answer 29

turn body part outward

Question 30

inversion

Answer 30

turn body part inward

Question 31

dorsiflexion

Answer 31

decrease angle between foot and leg: toes and foot up

Question 32

plantar flexion

Answer 32

increases angle between foot and leg | GAS PEDAL

Question 33

leading cause of injury for clients in the hospital

Answer 33

FALLS!!! | Consider safety at all times.

Question 34

proper body mechanics for working with clients

Answer 34

- alignment - use large muscle groups - bend at knees - broad base - brace for support, use leverage - work at waist level, close to nurse

Question 35

RICE

Answer 35

rest, ice, compress, elevate

Question 36

PMSS

Answer 36

perfusion, movement, sensation, skin use to avoid tourniquet effect