2 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards by Kara S | Brainscape

Q

musculoskeletal system requires (x4)

A

intact nervous system
intact muscles
intact bones
intact stability

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Q

musculoskeletal assessment (x3)

A

strength (muscles)
stability (bones)
flexibility (joints)

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Q

osteoclast

A

bone resorbing

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Q

osteoblast

A

bone forming

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Q

osteoporosis

A

metabolic bone disease

- decrease in quality, quantity of bone

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Q

highest risk for osteoporosis

A

post-menopausal women

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Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone from defective mineralization

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Q

atrophy

A

reduction in size

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Q

ankylosis

A

stiffness of joint

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Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of joint

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Q

lifespan considerations: infant/child

A

safety
cognitive unawareness of environment

until awareness developed, CHILD SAFETY FOCUS

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Q

lifespan considerations: elderly

A

increased osteoclast activity
decreased osteoblast activity

weight bearing and strengthening exercises!

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Q

increased risk for osteoporosis

A

Caucasian or Asian

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Q

spine curves expected (x3)

A

cervical: concave
thoracic: convex
lumbar: concave

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Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated convex thoracic (hunchy)

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Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated concave lumbar

Q

poker spine

A

loss of curves

Q

scoliosis

A

lateral shift of spine curve

Q

fasiculation

A

twitching/spasm/involuntary muscle movements

Q

active range of motion

A

client moves themselves

Q

passive range of motion

A

examiner supports/moves extremities

Q

flexion

A

decreases angle

Q

extension

A

increases angle

Q

hyperextension

A

straighten joint beyond limit

Q

pronation

A

front/ventral down

Q

supination

A

front/ventral up

Q

abduction

A

move away from midline

Q

adduction

A

move toward midline

Q

eversion

A

turn body part outward

Q

inversion

A

turn body part inward

Q

dorsiflexion

A

decrease angle between foot and leg: toes and foot up

Q

plantar flexion

A

increases angle between foot and leg

GAS PEDAL

Q

leading cause of injury for clients in the hospital

A

FALLS!!!

Consider safety at all times.

Q

proper body mechanics for working with clients

A

alignment
use large muscle groups
bend at knees
broad base
brace for support, use leverage
work at waist level, close to nurse

Q

RICE

A

rest, ice, compress, elevate

Q

PMSS

A

perfusion, movement, sensation, skin

use to avoid tourniquet effect