1 Interactions, adverse effects, hypersensitivities Flashcards
potentiation
aka, synergistic effect. The clinical effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the two.
adverse drug reaction/event
noxious, undesirable effect occurring AT NORMAL DRUG DOSES
highly unpredictable, largely unpreventable, potentially life threatening
side effect
more predictable than adverse drug reaction
nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses
- predictability/intensity is dose dependent
- very variable within individuals
epidemiology of adverse drug reactions
- substantial morbidity and mortality
- affects 5-10% of all hospitalized patients
- 4.7% of all ADRS responsible for hospital admissions
- 30 to 60% preventable
iatrogenic disease
caused by medical examination or treatment
teratogenic effect
disturbs growth and development of embryo or fetus
Beers Criteria
informs clinical decision-making concerning medication prescribing for older adults to improve safety/quality of care
includes meds that cause adverse effects due to their pharmacologic properties as well as physiological changes of aging
black box warning
drugs any stronger than ones with these warnings will be pulled from the market by the FDA
rights of medication administration
verify. ..
- patient
- medication
- route of administration
- time of administration
- dose
- indications (valid reason(s) to use med)
lesser known rights of medication administration
- assessment
- documentation
- education
- evaluation
- patient’s right to refuse
medication error
any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or harm to a patient
medication orders should include…
- client’s name
- date/time of order
- medication name
- dosage
- route of admin
- time/frequency of administration
- any parameters/indications
- signature of person ordering
FDA drug risk classifications (pregnancy risk)
A: studies in humans show no risk to fetus
B: no human studies, animal studies show no risk to fetus
C: no studies in humans or animals
D: evidence of human fetus risk, benefits may outweigh risks in certain situations
X: human and animal studies = fetal abnormalities; risk outweighs any benefits
drug-drug interaction categories
A: no interaction B: no action needed C: monitor therapy D: consider therapy modification X: avoid combination
antibodies
immunoglobulins; glycoproteins that mediate humoral immunity
