Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Chronic Pulmonary (adults) > Flashcards

Chronic Pulmonary (adults) Flashcards

1
Q

restrictive lung disease

A

air can’t get IN, lungs won’t expand

(alveoli can’t, OR, other physical issues preventing proper lung expansion)

pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis (alveoli) Pickwickian syndrome, scoliosis (physical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pickwickian syndrome

A

condition in some obese people in which poor breathing leads to lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide levels in the blood; can involve sleep apnea

aka obesity hypoventilation syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

obstructive lung disease

A

air can’t get OUT, lungs won’t recoil

COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pulmonary fibrosis is…

A

extensive, irreversible scarring

often exposure related; also drug related (amiodarone - antiarrhythmic medication used to treat ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pulmonary fibrosis treatment

A
  • poor options
  • slow progression (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants)
  • prevent infections
  • lung transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

asthma is…

A

obstructive process, airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction/spasm, stasis of secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

asthma airway response looks like…

A
  • hypersensitivity response from IgE
  • bronchospasm
  • hyperplasia of bronchioles
  • capillary leak
  • tissue edema, increased secretions (+ swollen airways = pneumonia because trapped)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

asthma assessment findings

A
  • dyspnea
  • chest tightness
  • cough, wheeze
  • increased mucous production (and can’t cough it out)
  • misc allergic presentations (rhinitis, skin rash (systemic inflammatory response), pruritis)
  • accessory muscle breathing (abdomen breathing!)
  • prolonged expiration
  • barrel chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pruritis

A

itchy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

status asthmaticus

A

asthmatic episode unresponsive to usual therapy

  • risk of cardiac/respiratory arrest
  • absence of breathing => airway obstruction

REASSESSMENT IS KEY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is…

A

two conditions together!

  • chronic bronchitis (chronic inflammation)
  • emphysema (funky elasticity with bullae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

first indications that O2 is low

A

delirious, disoriented, mental status change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

COPD risk factors

A
  • tobacco smoke (first or second!)
  • occupational, environmental exposure
  • alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
  • age, genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

alpha 1-antitrypsin is…

A

protease inhibitor, regulates proteases present to break down inhaled pollutants, organisms

recessive gene; mutations increase risk for emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation (> 3 months continuously)

  • vasodilation (more swollen tissue, more fluid leaks)
  • mucosal edema
  • congestion
  • bronchospasm

airways so tight crud can’t get out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

emphysema

A

loss of lung elasticity, alveolar hyperinflation, bullae

17
Q

bullae (emphysema)

A

big dilated empty spaces in lung

18
Q

alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

A

leads to excess protease and lung elastin destruction

19
Q

COPD ramifications

A
  • risk of respiratory infections
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • cor pulmonale
  • cardiac dysrhythmias (pressure on heart from lungs causes this!)
20
Q

COPD assessment findings

A
  • barrel chest
  • tripod breathing
  • very cachetic population
  • clubbing
21
Q

effects of COPD

A
  • chronic hypoexmia: PaO2 < 60
  • chronic hypercarbia: PaCO2 > 45, HCO3 > 28, serum CO2 > 28

OPPOSITE drive to breathe! because patient always hypercapnic, body relies on O2 levels dropping to know when to breathe. CO2 increases faster than O2 drops.

NEVER WANT TO SEE O2 SAT OF 100% ON PATIENT OR THEY WILL NOT BREATHE

22
Q

forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

total amount of moveable air in lungs

23
Q

forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

A

air exhaled in one second

24
Q

peak expiratory flow

A

fastest airflow rate reached at any time during exhalation.

quantifies breathing: amount, how hard, how fast

25
Q

COPD pulmonary function test findings

A

decreased FVC, FEV1, PEF - tells us how significantly disease is progressing in chronic nature

26
Q

COPD symptom expression

A

dyspnea: SOB when trying to chat?
orthopnea: breathing obstructed while laying down

27
Q

key nursing teaching point for COPD patients

A

having symptoms? don’t wait to report!! management is better if problems caught on front end rather than waiting for terrible exacerbation (acidotic, CO2 in 90s)

IT’S NEVER TOO LATE FOR SMOKING CESSATION

28
Q

COPD nursing interventions

A
  • exercise conditioning
  • positive expiratory pressure devices
  • weight management (COPD = huge metabolic drive, keep caloric intake up so needs met)
  • breathing techniques (if chest already hyperextended due to lung expansion, abdominal breathing is important!)
  • avoid extreme temperatures
  • set realistic goals and evaluate coping strategies
29
Q

COPD pharm interventions

A
  • control therapy meds (corticosteroids, long acting beta 2 agonist, cholinergic antagonist)
  • rescue/relief meds (short acting beta 2 agonist, leukotriene modifier, cholinergic antagonist)
  • mucolytics (mucomyst/acetylcysteine, mucinex DM, pulmozyme)
  • oxygen
30
Q

COPD surgical interventions

A
  • lung reduction

- lung transplantation (NOT EASY)

31
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis causative organism

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (slow growing gram positive acid-fast rod)

32
Q

leading killer of people living with HIV

A

tuberculosis

33
Q

high risk populations: TB

A
  • close frequent contact
  • immunosuppressed
  • homeless
  • immigrant groups
34
Q

TB disease transmission

A
  • droplet!!!! (aerosolization: cough, sneeze)

- contagious until after 2-3 weeks of therapy

35
Q

TB disease process

A
  • exudative response
  • pneumonitis
  • granuloma formation
  • tissue necrosis
36
Q

TB disease presentation

A
  • persistent cought
  • unexplained weight loss/anorexia
  • progressive fatigue/lethargy
  • fever, chills, night sweats, dyspnea
  • hemoptysis
37
Q

TB diagnosis

A
  • blood analysis
  • sputum analysis (gram stain, culture)
  • skin test
  • chest x-ray (cavitary lesions, more clustered compared to pneumonia which is widespread, UPPER LOBE = TB)
38
Q

TB treatment

A
  • isolation!!!!!!!!
  • test family members (don’t auto-treat them)
  • antituberculin agent (isoniazid or rifampin - NOTE THESE REACT WITH HRT, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

medication compliance is huge - 6 to 12 month therapy

Undeleted (79 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions