2 Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

oral cavity function

Answer 1

mechanical, chemical breakdown of food

Question 2

esophagus function

Answer 2

food bolus propelled by peristalsis

Question 3

stomach function

Answer 3

chemical digestion, storage

Question 4

small intestine function

Answer 4

nutrient absorption

Question 5

large intestine function

Answer 5

water, Cl-, Na+ absorption

HCO3-, K+ secretion

Question 6

rectum function

Answer 6

empty until just prior to defecation

Question 7

anus function

Answer 7

internal/external sphincters innervated by nerves that control continence

Question 8

carbohydrates

Answer 8

main nutrient source

Question 9

proteins

Answer 9

essential for tissue growth and repair, amino acids must be in diet

Question 10

fats

Answer 10

calorie dense, necessary for absorption of vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 11

water

Answer 11

60 - 70% of body weight

Question 12

vitamins & minerals

Answer 12

essential for metabolism

Question 13

infant to school-age nutrition considerations

Answer 13

rapid growth (carbs & protein!)

Question 14

adolescent nutrition considerations

Answer 14

increased metabolic demands and muscle growth

protein, iron, complex carbs

Question 15

pregnancy/lactation nutrition considerations

Answer 15

increased caloric requirements

Question 16

older adult nutrition considerations

Answer 16

decreased metabolic rate

Question 17

at risk populations

Answer 17

• immobile
• hypercatabolic (fever, burns, sepsis)
• GI/oral cavity pathology/symptoms
• mental status: altered LOC, depression, stress, body image disturbance
• NPO > 5 days post-op

Question 18

dysphagia

Answer 18

difficulty swallowing (ex: stroke)

Question 19

provider order for enteral feeding

Answer 19

• tube type
• feeding type & amount
• frequency (bolus or continuous?)
• flush (or follow policy)

Question 20

G Tube

Answer 20

gastronomy tube (enteral feeding tube)

Question 21

PEG

Answer 21

percutaneous enterogastrostomy tube (enteral feeding tube)

Question 22

J Tube

Answer 22

jejunostomy tube (enteral feeding tube)

Question 23

Mickey button

Answer 23

peds enteral feeding tube

Question 24

nasogastric tube placement gold standard verification

Answer 24

x-ray

Question 25

frequency of enteral feeding tube assessment

Answer 25

every 4 hours or facility policy

Question 26

residual

Answer 26

enteral feeding tube term; measurement of all stomach contents

Question 27

enema cramping?

Answer 27

lower bag to slow flow

Question 28

gastrocolic reflex

Answer 28

physiological reflex that helps make room for more food; response to stomach stretch and absorption of nutrients by small intestine. urge to defecate after a meal.