Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

function: pituitary gland

A

many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function: thyroid & parathyroid

A

metabolism, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function: adrenals

A

stress response, sugar, electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function: testes

A

male characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function: ovaries

A

female characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function: pancreas

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function: thymus

A

immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function: pineal

A

body rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypothalamus

A

master gland!- integration of neuroregulatory- critical link between CNS and endocrine- major controller of anterior, posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HP & POA

A

hormones, pituitary & posterior: oxytocin ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypopituitarism: GH

A

children: small statureadults: osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

somatomedin c

A

stimulated by GHbone and cartilage maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hypopituitarism: LH, FSH

A

men- decreased facial & body hair, libido, muscle mass- impotence- facial wrinkleswomen- amenorrhea, anovulation- breast atrophy- decreased libido, axillary and pubic hair- loss of bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*hypopituitarism assessment

A

LOOK AT CLIENTsome hormones measured directlyindirectly: T3 & T4 for TSH- stimulation tests: insulin > increased GH, ACTH- changes in sella turcica: MRI, CT- hormone replacement necessary for the rest of their lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyperpituitarism most common cause

A

pituitary adenoma (benign tumor)- tumor grows, neurological & endocrine issues emerge (HA, visual changes, intracranial pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hyperpituitarism: GH

A

gigantism before pubertyacromegaly: adult (high blood sugar = red flag)antagonist to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hyperpituitarism: GH manifestations

A
  • organomegaly (larger larynx = deeper voice, larger tongue = dysphagia)- hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hyperpituitarism interventions

A
  • drug therapy- radiation therapy- surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*bromocriptine mesylate

A

Parlodel- *dopamine agonist given for hyperpituitarism- side effects: GI, orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

disorders of posterior pituitary

A

remember; HP & POA (oxytocin, ADH)- ADH deficiency: diabetes insipidus, polyuria -> dehydration, skin dry/turgor change– neuro: irritability, lethargy > coma– manage with vasopressin- ADH excess: SIADH, GI disturbances, hyponatremia due to free water retention– neuro: lethargy > coma– manage with diuretics, NaCl

21
Q

*Addison’s Disease

A

adrenal cortical hypofunction- *requires 90% destruction of gland- bronze skin, hirsutism

22
Q

Addison’s Disease causes

A
  • idiopathic atrophy (autoimmune) - 60 to 70% of US cases- granulomatous disease (TB most common in 3rd world)- metastases (especially lung and melanoma)
23
Q

reduced cortisol results

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA (decreased gluconeogenesis)- seizures, confusion, combative- GFR, gastric acid production decreases -> increased BUN, anorexia, weight gain- muscle weakness, fatigue

24
Q

reduced aldosterone

A

HYPOKALEMIA (K excretion decreased)- K retention promotes reabsorption of H+ > acidosis- Na+, H20 excretion increased > hyponatremia, hypovolemia

25
Q

Addisonian Crisis

A

life-threatening event in which physiologic need for gluco and mineralocorticoid hormone is greater than supply- usually result of stressful event

26
Q

Addisonian Crisis s/s

A
  • profound fatigue- dehydration- vascular collapse- renal shutdown- hyponatremia- hyperkalemia
27
Q

Florinef

A

fluocortisone- treatment for hypoaldosteronism, Addison’s Disease- counterproductive effect with diuretics DO NOT GIVE WITH DIURETICS- always assess cardiovascular status, ESPECIALLY elderly

28
Q

adrenal insufficiency: diagnostic assessments

A

ACTH stimulation test = most definitive

29
Q

*Cushing’s disease

A

adrenal gland hyperfunction

30
Q

*Cushing’s syndrome

A

hypercortisol

31
Q

*hyperaldosteronism

A

excessive mineralocorticoid OR excessive androgen production

32
Q

*pheochromocytoma

A

tumor = hyperstimulation of adrenal medulla- excessive secretion of catecholamines (80% epi, 20% norepi): HR, BP- *HYPERTENSION hallmark of disease (doesn’t resolve with dose of anti-hypertensive)- do NOT palpate abdomen

33
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome causes

A
  • pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease)- adrenal cortical adenoma, carcinoma- ACTH-producing non-adrenal, non-pituitary tumor (lung, others)- iatrogenic (anti-inflammatory therapy)- self-administered (body builders, etc)
34
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome s/s

A
  • increased fat due to low turnover of plasma fatty acids: moonface, central adiposity + striae- increased breakdown of protein- decreased production of lymphocytes- htn, hyperpigmentation, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
35
Q

pheochromocytoma treatment

A

adrenalectomycorticosteroids for rest of life

36
Q

assessing thyroid function

A

TSH - best screening test in outpatient setting

37
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

hyperthyroidism- toxic, diffuse goiter- exopthalmia- heat intolerant- tachycardia, dysrhythmias- SOB w/ w/o exertion- weight loss, increased appetite, diarrheaincrease protein to prevent neg nitrogen!increase calories and carbs!

38
Q

thyroidectomy complications

A
  • damage to laryngeal nerve- hypoparathyroidism - hypocalcemia
39
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia- increased neuromuscular activity > tetanyIV CALCIUM GLUCONATE!

40
Q

hypothyroidism

A
  • main cause (US): thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine treatment for HYPER- most common in women 30-60- decreased metabolic rate!
41
Q

myxedema coma

A

usually in hypothyroid patients subject to stress- clinical features: CHF!, hypothermia, stupor/coma, hypoventilation/respiratory failure, hyponatremia, hypotension, seizures, hypoglycemia

42
Q

levothyroxine

A

(synthroid) treatment for hypothyroidism- synthetic T4- converts to T3- speeds up metabolism- be careful not to induce THYROTOXICOSIS

43
Q

PTH normal function

A

increased:- bone resorption- Ca resorption (urine)- calcitrol (Ca absorption from gut)stimultates:- new osteoid formation ready for calcification during increase of dietary calcium

44
Q

hyperparathyroid

A

HYPERCALCEMIA!- increased bone resorption- depressed serum P- hypercaluria- decreased neuromuscular irritability

45
Q

hypoparathyroid

A
  • decreased bone resorption- depressed Ca serum- elevated serum P- increased neuromuscular activity = TETANY
46
Q

hyperparathyroid management

A
  • diuretic + fluid therapy- drugs- surgical management
47
Q

hypoparathyroid management

A
  • focus on correcting hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency- avoid P (milk, yogurt, processed cheese)

Undeleted (79 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions