Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Cardiovascular Conditions (peds) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Conditions (peds) Flashcards

1
Q

upon baby’s first breath out of mom’s vag…

A

pulmonary resistance goes down, blood shifts to normal pathway

little leakage RA > LA possible but not other way because of pressure difference

FO and DA closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

post-cardiac cath care

A

accurate assessment CRITICAL:

  • CVS: vitals q 15 minutes
  • PVS: skin temp, cap refill, pulses
  • pressure dressing over insertion
  • lie flat 4-8 hours (decrease bleed risk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

possible cardiac cath complication

A

hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

congestive heart failure in kids due to…

A

congenital cardiac defect (ALWAYS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

right sided heart failure due to…

A

suboptimal RIGHT ventricle

blood backs up to right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

right sided heart failure leads to…

A
  • increased venous pressure

- increased systemic venous engorgement > edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

left sided heart failure due to…

A

suboptimal LEFT ventrical

blood backs up to left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

left sided heart failure leads to…

A
  • impacts pulmonary veins, leads to pulmonary congestion

- can lead to increased pulmonary pressure, pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CHF s/s

A
  • impaired myocardial function
  • pulmonary congestion
  • systemic venous congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CHF s/s: impaired myocardial function looks like…

A
  • tachycardia at rest, easily fatigued, exercise intolerance
  • decreased CO manifesting as…
    decreased perfusion, cold extremities, weak pulses, prolonged cap refill, low BP, mottled skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CHF s/s: pulmonary congestion looks like

A
  • tachypnea, hypoxemia secondary to fast, shallow respiration
  • ** decreased feeding tolerance, poor weight gain r/t tachypnea ***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • significant CHF manifestation in children
A

decreased feeding tolerance, poor weight gain, due to tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CHF s/s: systemic venous congestion

A
  • weight gain due to edema
  • dependent edema: LE, scrotum, generalized
  • distended neck veins (not usually in babies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

infant CHF looks like…

A
  • poor weight gain (nutrition)
  • activity intolerance
  • developmental delay, especially gross motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

significance of developmental delay in infant CHF

A
  • postnatal brain growth is 50% year 1

- may see motor and cognitive delays due to chronic hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

therapeutic management of peds CHF

A
  • medication to increase cardiac function
  • remove excess fluid
  • decrease cardiac demand
  • increase tissue oxygenation (decrease O2 demand and O2 supplement)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

** decreasing cardiac demands in babez **

A
  • regulate thermal environment (warm room)
  • decrease cold stress in infants because shivering requires tons of energy
  • treat/prevent infections
  • fever and infection leads to increased BMR
  • rigorous aseptic technique at all times!!!!!!!!
  • maximize chest expansion (HOB 45 degrees)
  • provide rest (decrease environmental stimulation)
  • schedule periods of UNINTERRUPTED rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

head bobbing in babies (what is it? what do you do?)

A

the baby is working hard to breathe. FIX POSTURE -> fix chest expansion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

digoxin is…

A
  • positive inotropic (more effective heart contraction, increases CO and therefore perfusion)
  • safe for infants and children!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lasix (furosemide) is…

A
  • diuretic; removes excess fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lasix nursing care includes…

A

strict I/O, daily weights (same: time, scale, amount of clothing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

possible fluid restriction in acute CHF

A
  • plan over 24 hours, engage family, allow kids to monitor I/O

infants do not usually need fluid restriction as bigger issue is not taking enough in!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

** significance of nutrition in kids with CHF **

A
  • increased caloric needs, profound fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

** nutrition interventions for kids with CHF **

A
  • increase calories
  • decreased work of feeding (larger hole in bottle nipple)
  • feed at first sign of hunger
  • limit length of time with feeding (30 min max)
  • rest before, during, after feeds
  • use of NG/G tube
  • hold oral feed if fatigued or tachypneic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
** increased pulmonary blood flow: aka & examples **
aka acyanotic - ASD - VSD - PDA
26
** decreased pulmonary blood flow: aka & examples **
aka cyanotic - tetralogy of fallot - tricuspid of atresia
27
patent ductus arteriosis is...
ductus arteriosis does not close between aorta and pulmonary artery after birth
28
patent ductus arteriosis causes...
blood recirculates through lungs and returned to LA, LV -> increases workload on L heart
29
PDA manifestations
- can be asymptomatic OR CHF - machinery type murmur - widened pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) - bounding pulses - risk for bacterial endocarditis
30
PDA management
- indomethacin | - ** surgical ligation: closes PDA **
31
indomethacin for PDA management is...
prostaglandin inhibitor that can successfully close PDA
32
** surgical ligation for PDA management because... **
prevents return of oxygenated blood to the lungs
33
PDA prognosis
low risk, 1% mortality
34
ventricular septal defect is...
opening between left and right ventricles - can vary in size - can spontaneously close in 1st year of life - frequently associated with other defects
35
ventricular septal defect causes...
causes L to R shunting - normal blood flow until reaches LV, where blood shunts through hole into RV - increases blood flow to lungs - increases pressure in R heart - leads to R sided hypertrophy
36
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD!!!!!!
37
VSD manifestations
- characteristic murmur - CHF is common - risk for bacterial endocarditis
38
VSD management
- palliative pulmonary banding - surgical repair: sutures or patch - non-surgical repair: closure during cardiac cath
39
pulmonary banding for VSD
around pulmonary artery to decrease pulmonary blood flow
40
VSD prognosis
< 2% mortality
41
tetralogy of fallot is...
- VSD (large) - pulmonic stenosis - overriding aortic arch - R ventricular hypertrophy
42
tetralogy of fallot manifestation
- characteristic murmur - ** tet spell ** - clubbing - poor growth - risk for emboli - loss of consciousness - sudden death
43
** tet spell **
- tetralogy of fallot manifestation - acute episodes of cyanosis and hypoxia - - O2 requirements exceed blood supply due to ** obstructed pulmonary blood flow **
44
** tet spell intervention **
place children in knee chest position to decrease venous return from legs and increase systemic vascular resistance, thus diverting more blood into pulmonary artery - children will assume this position on their own if old enough!
45
clubbing is a sign of...
chronic hypoxia
46
TOF management
- palliative shunt (Blalock-Taussig Shunt) from L to R subclavian artery (increase blood flow to pulmonary artery) - surgical repair: close VSD, correct stenosis, pericardial patch to enlarge R ventricle - - surgery before 2 years of age (not too old!)
47
TOF prognosis
< 3% mortality
48
coarctation of the aorta is...
localized narrowing of aorta
49
coarctation of the aorta leads to...
- increased pressure proximal to defect (head and neck) | - decreased pressure distal to defect (body and LE)
50
** coarctation manifestations **
- high BP and bounding pulses in UE | - weak or absent femoral pulses, cool LE, lower BP in LE
51
coarctation management
- surgical repair before age 2 to prevent htn | - non-surgical: balloon angioplasty
52
coarctation prognosis
< 5% mortality with isolated defect
53
transposition of the great vessels is...
- pulmonary artery exists LV - aorta exits from RV - no communication between sides of heart
54
transposition of the great vessels must...
have septal defect to survive!!!! If the two closed loops stay closed, baby will die QUICKLY.
55
TOGV management
- prostaglandin E to keep PDA open | - surgical: arterial switch in first weeks of life
56
TOGV prognosis
< 2% mortality
57
hypoplastic left heart syndrome is...
- underdeveloped left heart (LV, MV, AV, AA) | can be aware of this defect before baby is born
58
hypoplastic left heart syndrome requires...
- 3 surgical procedures - may require heart transplant FATAL WITHOUT INTERVENTION
59
acquired cardiovascular disorders
- endocarditis - rheumatic fever - kawasaki disease (see these three the most)
60
bacterial endocarditis is...
- infection of valves and inner lining of the heart | - sequela of bacteremia in children with anomalies of the heart
61
bacterial endocarditis portal of entry
- oral: dental procedure - urinary tract: UTI post-catheterization - blood: from long term indwelling cathers
62
bacterial endocarditis management
- high doses of antibiotic IV for 2-8 weeks
63
** bacterial endocarditis prevention **
attn susceptible children!!! - parent education for children at high risk - includes children with cardiac defects and cardiac surgery
64
rheumatic heart disease looks like...
rheumatic fever: inflammatory disease post group A beta hemolytic strep pharyngitis
65
what do you do with strep throat?
TREAT IT ADEQUATELY AND FULLY AND PREVENT RHEUMATIC FEVER!
66
rheumatic heart disease carditis characteristics...
- most commonly seen in mitral valve, causing mitral regurgitation
67
rheumatic carditis may (results)...
- lead to CHF | - require surgical valve repair or replacement
68
Kawasaki disease is...
- UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY - acute febrile illness affecting children younger than 5 years - self-limited, resolves in 6 to 8 weeks
69
Kawasaki disease most serious potential complication
acute systemic vasculitis (inflammation of arteries) including coronary arteries
70
Kawasaki disease without treatment
25-50% of children have cardiac sequela, especially weakening and dilation of coronary arteries or aneurysm formation leading to MI
71
Kawasaki disease management
- high doses of IV Ig (contains IgG antibodies extracted from plasma of donors) - high dose of aspirin: anti-inflammatory and blood thinner
72
Kawasaki disease prognosis
excellent when treated!!!!

Undeleted (79 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions