2 Genitourinary System Flashcards
kidney produces ? urine per day
1200-1600 mL
kidney receives ? plasma per day
180 L
RAAS
secreted by kidneys to regulate BP (maintain adequate blood flow during hypovolemic states)
Erythropoetin
secreted by kidneys to stimulate RBC production in bone marrow
bladders stores up to ? urine
600 mL
micturition reflex
urge to urinate stimulated by 200-300mL urine
urethra sphincter control (x2)
internal: involuntary (releases with micturition reflex)
external: voluntary
polyuria
increased urine output
oliguria
decreased urine output
anuria
no urine production
relation of intake to output
intake = output (+/- 100mL)
risks for women
- anatomy: short, straight uretha, proximity to vagina/rectum (susceptible to ascending infection)
- childbirth
risks for older adults
- decreased pelvic muscle tone
- loss of sphincter control
risks for men
enlarged prostrate = obstruction of outflow
risks for infants
not yet continent
risks associated with narcotic use
- decreased micturition reflex (thus increased urine retention)
- incontinence
gross hematuria
visible blood in urine
microscopic hematuria
blood in urine requiring lab analysis (not visible)
IPPA
inspection: external genitalia
palpation: bladder
percussion: CV tenderness
auscultation: none
UOP
urinary output
dysuria
painful urination
basic adequate renal function
adults should produce ~30mL per hour
functional incontinence
difficulty reaching toilet in timely manner
reflex incontinence
predictable involuntary loss of urine without sensation of urge or ladder fullness
