2 Genitourinary System

Question 1

kidney produces ? urine per day

Answer 1

1200-1600 mL

Question 2

kidney receives ? plasma per day

Answer 2

180 L

Question 3

RAAS

Answer 3

secreted by kidneys to regulate BP (maintain adequate blood flow during hypovolemic states)

Question 4

Erythropoetin

Answer 4

secreted by kidneys to stimulate RBC production in bone marrow

Question 5

bladders stores up to ? urine

Answer 5

600 mL

Question 6

micturition reflex

Answer 6

urge to urinate stimulated by 200-300mL urine

Question 7

urethra sphincter control (x2)

Answer 7

internal: involuntary (releases with micturition reflex)
external: voluntary

Question 8

polyuria

Answer 8

increased urine output

Question 9

oliguria

Answer 9

decreased urine output

Question 10

anuria

Answer 10

no urine production

Question 11

relation of intake to output

Answer 11

intake = output (+/- 100mL)

Question 12

risks for women

Answer 12

• anatomy: short, straight uretha, proximity to vagina/rectum (susceptible to ascending infection)
• childbirth

Question 13

risks for older adults

Answer 13

• decreased pelvic muscle tone

- loss of sphincter control

Question 14

risks for men

Answer 14

enlarged prostrate = obstruction of outflow

Question 15

risks for infants

Answer 15

not yet continent

Question 16

risks associated with narcotic use

Answer 16

• decreased micturition reflex (thus increased urine retention)
• incontinence

Question 17

gross hematuria

Answer 17

visible blood in urine

Question 18

microscopic hematuria

Answer 18

blood in urine requiring lab analysis (not visible)

Question 19

IPPA

Answer 19

inspection: external genitalia
palpation: bladder
percussion: CV tenderness
auscultation: none

Question 20

UOP

Answer 20

urinary output

Question 21

dysuria

Answer 21

painful urination

Question 22

basic adequate renal function

Answer 22

adults should produce ~30mL per hour

Question 23

functional incontinence

Answer 23

difficulty reaching toilet in timely manner

Question 24

reflex incontinence

Answer 24

predictable involuntary loss of urine without sensation of urge or ladder fullness

Question 25

stress incontinence

Answer 25

immediate involuntary loss of urine resulting from increased intra-abdominal pressure

Question 26

total incontinence

Answer 26

continuous, unpredictable loss of urine without distension or bladder fullness

Question 27

urge incontinence

Answer 27

involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong, sudden desire to void