Antihypertensives, Cardiac Glycosides, Nitrates Flashcards
indications of antihypertensives
- hypertension
- angina pectoris
- heart failure
- myocardial infarction
- can decrease remodeling (development of scar tissue)
adverse effects of antihypertensives
- postural (orthostatic) hypotension
- reflex tachycardia (to adjust for decreased BP)
- peripheral edema (usually also on diuretic to minimize it; RAAS)
- sexual dysfunction
SAFETY. ISSUES.
non-pharm treatment of hypertension
- stress reduction
- exercise
- salt restriction
- nicotine reduction
angioedema
facial swelling (lips, tongue, throat ONLY)
NOT the same thing as anaphylaxis, which is total body reaction!!!!!
inotropic
changes force of contraction (positive improves CO)
chronotropic
changes heart rate
angiotensin II notable impact
potent vasoconstrictor
beta adrenergic blockers general mechanism of action
- negative inotrope (benefit)
- negative chronotrope
- decreases vascular resistance
- numerous sites of activity
- beta 1 (heart)
- beat 2 (lungs)
cardiac selective indications for beta blockers
- angina pectoris
- hypertension
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- myocardial infarction
- heart failure
non-cardiac selective indications for beta blockers
- glaucoma
- pheochromocytoma
- migraine
- hyperthyroidism
calcium channel blocker general MOA
inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels”/select voltage-sensitive channels
- vasodilation
- increases myocardial oxygen delivery
- decrease myocardial oxygen demand
calcium ion affect on SA node
increased heart rate
calcium ion affect on AV node
increased conduction velocity
calcium ion affect on myocardium
increased force of contraction
calcium channel blocker indications
- hypertension (relax peripheral arterioles, as well as arteries/arterioles of heart)
- myocardium infarction (inhibit force of contraction)
- SA/AV node suppression
