Molecules Recognized by Innate and Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
In innate immunity which receptors recognize the ligands?
The pattern recognition receptors (PRR).
Recognize patterns common to groups and subgroups. (PAMPs and DAMPs)
In Adaptive immunity which receptors recognize the ligands?
The antigen receptors.
Which two types of ligands activate innate immunity?
PAMPs (triggered by ‘strangers’) and DAMPs (triggered by molecules from the host’s environment produced under abnormal circumstances)
Where can we found PAMP receptors?
We can find them expressed in the cell membrane, inside endosomes or in the cell cytoplasm.
Types of PAMP receptors and what molecules do they recognize.
- Toll-like Receptor: proteins, lipids, glycans, N acids….
Bacteria, Viruses, parasites, fungi. - Nodd-like Receptor: Peptidoglycans, MDP.
Bacteria - C-type lectin Receptor: glycans
Bacteria and fungi. - RIG-I like Receptor: viral RNA
Viruses
Types of Ligands of Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa and Parasites.
Bacteria: peptidoglycans, LPS and lipoprotein.
Viruses: DNA, dsRNA, ssRNA.
Fungi: B-glucan.
Protozoa: protein-like molecules.
Parasites: lipoprotein.
When are DAMPs released?
When there’s a cell injury (damage)
An example of a DAMP
ATP, as it’s found outside the cell when the cell has died.
Types of DAMP receptors
Constitutive (expressed or passively released) or Inducible (actively secreted)
What’s an antigen?
A molecule that is recognized by an antibody or a T-cell Receptor.
What’s an immunogen?
An antigen that’s capable of producing an adaptive immune response.
What’s an hapten?
An antigen not immunogenic that can be made immunogenic after the binding with a carrier protein.
What’s an epitope?
The portion of an antigen that binds with the antibody or TCR.
What’s a paratope?
The portion of an antibody or TCR that binds to the epitope.
What Determines Immunogenicity of an Antigen?
Properties of the immunogene, properties of the host and how the individual is exposed to the molecule.
Make a scheme of what determines immunogenicity.
Ver libro
Order of type of molecules and their relation to immunogenicity.
proteins - polysacharides - lipids - nucleic acids.
What molecular mass tend to have immunogenes?
100 000 Daltons (Da)
What are the different types of route administration?
Oral, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intravenous.
How is the vaccine against pneumococcal and influenza administered?
Subcutaneous and intramuscular.
What are adjuvants?
Molecules that active the innate immunity and also promote the activation of adaptive immunity (co-stimulatory). Signals for lymphocite proliferation and they prolong antigen persistence.
Epitopes types
B cell epitopes and T cell Epitopes
B cell Epitopes:
- Size:
- Chemical properties:
- Location on Ag:
- Conforamtion:
- Size: no longer than the antibody binding site.
- Chemical properties: hydrophillic Aa on the protein surface.
- Location on Ag: in flexible regions of an immunogen ad displaying site mobility.
- Conforamtion: has a native conformation.
Whta can we obtain based in this properties?
Prediciton algorithms.
What are the applications of immunogenicity and antigenicity?
- Vaccine (slect the antigen with the highest immunogenicity)
- Monitor adaptive immune responses (profile the immune status and the best treatment).
- Generation of antibodies. (therapeutic or technical)
- Drug design (drugs that are not-immunogenic).
