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Mechanical Principles Final Flashcards

1
Q

What’s Newtons first law of motion?

A

law of inertia

a body at rest will stay at rest or continue at a constant velocity and in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force

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2
Q

Newtons second law of motion

A

law of acceleration

acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it, is in the same direction of the force acting on it, and is inversely related to the mass of the object.

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3
Q

Newtons third law of motion

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

What is force?

A

Mass X acceleration

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5
Q

What is velocity?

A

displacement/time
or
v=s/t

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6
Q

What is speed?

A

d/t
or
distance/time

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7
Q

what is impulse?

A

f X t
or
change in momentum

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8
Q

What is acceleration?

A

change in velocity/ change in time
or
A=f/m

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9
Q

What is momentum?

A

mass X velocity

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10
Q

what is work?

A

force X distance

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11
Q

what is power?

A 
(force X distance)/ time
or
work/time
or
force X velocity
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12
Q

Surface drag

A

drag derived from friction between the fluid and the object pasing through the fluid boundary

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13
Q

Wave drag

A

drag derived from the generation of waves at the interface between two different fluids, such as air and water

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14
Q

form drag

A

derived from a pressure differential between the lead and rear sides of a body moving through a fluid

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15
Q

def. of drag

A

collection of fluid forces that tend to oppose the action an athlete is performing

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16
Q

3 types of friction

A

static, >sliding,> rolling

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17
Q

what is static friction?

A

between the surfaces of two objects in contact with each other

is the resistive force for the initiation of movement

roughness and weight of an object

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18
Q

What is sliding friction?

A

a type of kinetic frictions

resistive force between the surfaces of two sliding objects

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19
Q

What is rolling friction?

A

type of kinetic friction

resistive force of the suface of one object rolling over the surface of another object

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20
Q

What is rolling friction affected by?

A

friction between two surfaces in contact
pressure or weight between the two surfaces
diameter of the rolling object

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21
Q

What is strength?

A

amount of force produced in a single effort

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22
Q

what is energy?

A

ability to perform work

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23
Q

kinetic energy def. and equation

A

energy in action

KE=1/2mv^2

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24
Q

what is potential energy?

A

stored energy ready for use

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25
Q

What is strain energy?

A

stored energy in obstacles that are strained but can be restored to their orginal shape

rubber band

26
Q

How do you increase stability

A

decrease height of COG
increase BOS
increase mass

27
Q

What is stability?

A

amount of resistance ued to prevent the loss of balance

maintaining the line of gravity within the BOS

28
Q

What is lift?

A

a force acting on a body in a fluid in a direction perpendicular to the fluid flow

29
Q

What affect drag?

A

increased air temp
increased humidity
increased altitude

30
Q

drag def.

A

collection of fluid forces that tend to oppose the actions an athlete is performing

Drag forces always act in opposite direction

31
Q

How do you increase apex for projectiles

A

increase angle of release up to 90 degrees
increase height of release
increase velocity of release

32
Q

how doy you increase distance for projectiles?

A

increase andgle of relesase up to 45 degrees from ground
increase heigh of release
increase velocity of release

33
Q

how do you increase angular momentum?

A

increase mass of what is rotating
shift mass away from axis of rotation
increase angular velocity

34
Q

equation for potential energy

A

mgh

35
Q

What is a projectile?

A

something or someone traveling through the air that will eventually hit the ground

36
Q

Angle of release:

What Does it determine? And the three types of releases

A

Determines shape of flight path. Straight vertical, above 45° – height>distance
Below 45- distance > height
45- distance=height
Straight vertical

37
Q

what is centripetal force?

A

inward pull

38
Q

what is centrifugal force?

A

outward pull

39
Q

angular velocity def.

A

rate of spin of an athlete or object

40
Q

rotary inertia def

A

resistance to change in rotation

41
Q

equation for RI

A

mr^2

42
Q

how do you increase RI

A

increase mass of object to be rotated

increase radial distribution of the mass in relation to the axis of rotation

43
Q

What is angular momentum?

A

the quantity of motion that a rotating athlete or object possesses

44
Q

how do you increase angular momentum?

A

increase mass of object rotating
distribute mass further from the axis of rotation
increase angular velocity

45
Q

angular momentum equation

A

mr^2 X angular vel.

RI X AV

46
Q

what is the relationship between RI and ang. vel

A

inverse relationship

47
Q

what is angular acceleration

A

change of rate of rotation in radius

48
Q

torque

A

force X force arm

resistance X resistance arm

49
Q

Lever classes and advantages

A

1st- balance
2nd- increased torque–things feel lighter
3rd- increase ROM and velocity

50
Q

nonrepetitive skills

A

discrete skills
Shifts from one skill to another- swing bat then run
follow through is a deceleration phase
builds momentum from one skill to the next-tumbling
teach each skill separately
add additional skills and teach the rhythm and patterns when combining multiple skills

51
Q

repetitive skills

A

skill is continuously repeated,
one complete cycle of skill leads to the next
Swimming

52
Q

Open skills

A

skills performed in unpredictable environments
opponent attempts to foild your physical objective
Basketball game
pitches are dif every time in game

53
Q

Closed skills

A

skills that are perfomred under predictable environments
No opponent
same required action/movement every time
Easier to train for because you can create a practice environmnent that is the same as comp.

Shooting a free throw, weight lifting-comp.

54
Q

Sequential

A

happening one after the other

55
Q

simultaneous

A

happens all at once

56
Q

summation of forces

A

sum of all muscle action produce end result regarding power output

57
Q

Archimedes principle

A

buoyant force acting on a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaces by the body

58
Q

buoyancy def.

A

tendency for something to float

direction always vertically upward, against gravity

59
Q

What does lift increase with?

A

inc. in velocity of fluid flow
inc. in the surafce area of the flat side of the foil
inc. in the density of the fluid

60
Q

Bernouli’s principle

A

inverse relationship between relative velocity and relative pressure in a fluid flow

Regions of low velocity are associated with regions of high pressure

61
Q

Magnus Effect

A

pressure differential created by a spinning body
deviation in the trajectory of a spinning object toward the direction of spin

Inverse relationship between velocity and pressure

62
Q

What is buoyancy force?

A

weight of water displaced by an object submerged in flui

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