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HEALTH FINALLLLLLLL!!!!!!! Flashcards

0
Q

Wellness

A

Process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health

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1
Q

Health

A

State of complete physical, mental, social, and physical well being

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2
Q

Resilience

A

Ability to bounce back after an adverse event

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3
Q

Ecological model of health and wellness

A

A framework that recognizes relationships between individuals and their environment.

Emphasize the multiple social determinants that influence health

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4
Q

Health promotion

A

Actions designed to maintain a current health state or encourage advancement to a more desirable state of health

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5
Q

Disease prevention

A

Defensive actions taken to ward off specific diseases in their consequences

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6
Q

One aspect of health that is within your control

A

Diet, amount you exercise

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7
Q

Sense of self efficacy

A

General sense that you have some control over what happens in your life

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8
Q

Smart

A

Specific measurable attainable realistic time

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9
Q

Health literacy

A

Ability to read, understand, and act on health information

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10
Q

Mental health characteristics

A

High self-esteem, realistic and accepts imperfections, altruistic, sense of control over own life, demonstrate social competence in relationships, not overwhelmed by fear of love or anger, optimistic, capacity for intimacy, creative and appreciates creativity, takes responsible risks, bounces back from adversity.

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11
Q

Symptoms of depression

A

Loss of interest/pleasure in activities that previously provided pleasure, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, reduced ability to concentrate

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12
Q

Warning signs of suicide

A

Giving away prized possession, substance abuse, changes in normal behavior, anger, crying, lashing out at friends or family, withdrawals or isolations, sleeping/eating more or less than normal, talking or joking about death

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13
Q

Percent of Americans that report finances are a cause of stress

A

More than 70%

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14
Q

Stress response and what happens

A

Is carried out by the ANS which is involuntary.
Sympathetic branch – initiate stress response.
Parasympathetic – turns off stress to pop response.

Cerebral cortex – sends chemical signals to the hypothalamus which sends signals to the pituitary gland which sends ACTH to the adrenal glands which releases cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the blood stream

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15
Q

Type a personality

A

Impulsive, lives life By a schedule, needs to get things done quickly.

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16
Q

Type B personality

A

Less driven and more relaxed. Easy-going and less frustrated

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17
Q

Hardiness

A

Effective style of coping with stress

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18
Q

Eustress

A

When you praise an event as positive.

Positive stress

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19
Q

Fight or flight

A

Series of physiological changes to activate the body systems providing a burst of energy to deal with a perceived threat or danger

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a balance

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21
Q

Things that make it more likely that two people will develop a romantic relationship

A

Proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity

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22
Q

Assertiveness

A

Speaking up for yourself without violating someone else’s right

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23
Q

Aggressiveness

A

Inclined to behave in an activity in a hostile fashion

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24
Q

Passiveness

A

Receiving or subjected to an action without responding or initiating action in return

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25
Q

I statements

A

Help you take responsibility for your own actions without placing responsibility on somebody else

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26
Q

Spirituality

A

Person connection to self, significant others, in community at large.

it must have a reference for a higher power doesn’t have to be Religious

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27
Q

Spiritually connected people are more likely to receive what others

A

Help and support

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28
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Internal daily cycle of waking and sleeping.

It tells healthy and adults to go to bed later and wake up later

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29
Q

Melatonin

A

Increases relaxation and sleepiness.

Is released by the pineal gland

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30
Q

Insomnia

A 
Difficulty falling or staying asleep. 
At least a few minutes a week. 
Take Longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep. 
Five or more awakenings per the night. 
Less than 6 1/2 hours of sleep
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31
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Sleep of a shorter duration than the average 7 to 8 hours

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32
Q

Two cycles of sleep and what happens in each one

A

Rem– Reduce muscle tone, sleep paralysis, dreams occur

Non rem- transitional, light sleep, half awake state. Slower brain waves

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33
Q

Character of a sleep friendly environment

A

Good mattress, pillow, quiet room, 62 to 65°F temperature, have a good body position

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34
Q

How does sleep affects health

A

Stimulate the growth and repair of the body tissues, immune system gets stronger.

Sleep deprivation can affect the cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, endocrine disorders, neurological disorders, respiratory disorders, mental health disorders, and obesity

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35
Q

THe fatty acids that are most dangerous to your health

A

Baked, snack foods, deep-fried food

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36
Q

What percent of calories should come from fat

A

20 to 35%

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37
Q

Guidelines that provide ranges representing intake levels of essential nutrients and ensure adequate nutrition that are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease

A

Dietary guidelines for Americans

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38
Q

Macronutrients list

A

Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fat

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39
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

Lipids that remain solid at room temperature

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40
Q

Monosaturated fatty acids

A

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature and semisolid when refrigerated

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41
Q

Polyunsaturated fat

A

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature and in the refrigerator

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42
Q

Main purpose of proteins

A

To build and maintain muscle, bone, and other body tissues.

Facilitate chemical reaction

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43
Q

How to determine the amount of protein

A

The more you weigh the more you need.

Healthy adults mean .36 g for every pound

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44
Q

Antioxidants and their purpose

A

Substances into that neutralize the effect of pre-radical.

They make sure your DNA is not getting damaged by potentially toxic substances

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45
Q

Purpose of fat

A

Principal form of stored energy anybody. Provides essential fatty acids, plays a role in production of fatty acids and provides major material for cell membranes

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46
Q

How much water is required daily

A

8 to 12 cups a day

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47
Q

Functions of water

A

Digests. Absorbs, and transport nutrients.

Helps regulate body temperature,

Carries waste products out of the body,

lubricate our moving parts

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48
Q

Food allergies

A

Occurs when immune system overreact to specific food proteins.

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49
Q

Time in our life that marks most significant drop in physical activity

A

Late high school to early college years

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50
Q

Four components of cardiorespiratory training

A

frequency
intensity
time
type of activity

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51
Q

Importance of cardiorespiratory training

A

Increases oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, improved extraction of oxygen from the bloodstream by muscle cells, increasing amount of blood that the heart pumps with each heartbeat, and increased speed of recovery

Increase muscles and liver function, decrease his resting heart rate and blood pressure

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52
Q

Resistance training and it benefits

A

Using resistance instead of weight. Improves body mass and mineral density without having a great impact on the joints

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53
Q

Target heart rate zone and why it is important

A

Range of exercise that allows you to stress your cardiorespiratory system for optimal benefit without overloading it.

Helps determine the workout intensity

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54
Q

Target heart rate percentage that the ACSM recommends for exercise

A

55 to 90%

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55
Q

Most recommended type of stretching and why

A

Static stretching.

Lengthens the muscles and surrounding tissues

reduces risk of injury

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56
Q

How can you turn my activity into moderate activity

A

Increased duration

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57
Q

Health-related fitness

A

Ability to perform daily living activities and other activities with vigor

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58
Q

Skill related fitness

A

The ability to perform specific skills associated with various leisure activities or sports

59
Q

Physical fitness

A

Ability of the body to respond to physical demands

60
Q

Exercise

A

Structured, planned physical activity, often to improve fitness

61
Q

How to determine target heart rate

A

220 minus age times intensity

62
Q

Benefits of physical activity

A

To be healthier,

physical, cognitive, physiological, emotional, and spiritual health entries

63
Q

Give examples of vigorous intensity exercise

A

Jogging, jumping, biking.

Increases rapid breathing substantially

64
Q

Achieving a healthy weight for life depends on what

A

Height, physical activity, diet, your perception, friends

65
Q

Weight-loss plans you should avoid

A

Yo-yo diets, fad diets, highly restrictive diet

66
Q

Long-term side effect of severe calorie restriction in women

A

Deficiencies such as osteoporosis

67
Q

Area in the body most dangerous to carry fat and why

A

Abdominal fat

because it increases risk for metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and diabetes

68
Q

Greatest influence on America’s weight problem

A

Fast food convenience.

Availability of unhealthy foods

69
Q

How hormones affect body fat percentages

A

Excess or deficits of hormones can lead to obesity

70
Q

Genetics and how they affect obesity

A

Genetics may inline you to be overweight

71
Q

Much more likely are obese people to die before reaching their expected lifespan

A

4 Times

72
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25 to 29.9

73
Q

Obesity BMI

A

30 or more

74
Q

Muscle dysmorphia

A

Person perceives body as underdeveloped

75
Q

Bulimia

A

Distortion of body image

repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, diuretics, laxatives, excessive exercising, or fasting

76
Q

Anorexia

A

Distortion body image.

Refusal to maintain minimally normal body weight. Fear of getting fat.

77
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

Binge eating without purging

78
Q

How much weight loss pounds per week Is healthy

A

1 to 2 pounds

79
Q

Symptoms of low body fat

A

BMI lower than 18.5

body fat percentage lower than 11%

80
Q

For anorexia: what’s most important part of treating this disorder

A

Recognizing that they have a problem

81
Q

Prevalence of eating disorders in America

A

Becoming more often.

50 to 60% of college women and 10% of college men have eating disorders

82
Q

Calorie restriction

A

A reduction in calorie intake below daily needs

83
Q

People with eating disorders share many same thought processes as people with what condition

A

OCD and depression

84
Q

How many ounces is one drink has defined by the NIAAA

A

.5 ounces

85
Q

Strongest influence factor on binged drinking on college campuses

A

Peers

86
Q

Best way to cope with a hangover

A

Pain medication, rest, time

87
Q

Human brain completes development during which stage of life

A

Early 20s

88
Q

Best way to break a pattern of excessive alcohol use

A

Inpatient/outpatient treatment, detox, withdrawal symptoms

89
Q

Which carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke are most damaging to the lungs

A

Tar, carbon monoxide, and nicotine

90
Q

Average number of attempts required for successful smoking cessation

A

7

91
Q

Percent of all cancer deaths that smoking plays a role in

A

30%

92
Q

Risks associated with tobacco

A

Increased risk during surgery, infertility, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, etc

93
Q

Commonly used illicit drug for age 12 and older

A

Marijuana

94
Q

Common reasons people take drugs

A

To fit in, because they want to, to get out of the depression

95
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Substances that cause changes in brain chemistry and alters consciousness, perception, mood, and thought

96
Q

How addictive drugs affect the brain

A

They cause a surge in levels of dopamine and reduce receptors

97
Q

Stimulant

A

Drugs that speed up activity in the brain and sympathetic nervous system

98
Q

Depressant

A

Slows down activity in the brain and sympathetic nervous system

99
Q

Most popular stimulant

A

Caffeine

100
Q

What does most of the $193 billion the economy spends annually for drug use go to

A

Health app are and justice system costs

101
Q

Possible long term effects of marijuana

A

Develop tolerance, negative effects on respiratory system,clots of other health problems.

102
Q

What is most effective approach to drug prevention on college campuses

A

Sending clear messages that drugs are unacceptable, changing the climate of drug tolerance, engaging parents, identifying and intervening with at risk students, provide alternate activities, involve students in planning prevention programs

103
Q

Which age group will be significantly determining prevailing sexual attitudes in the 21st century

A

College students and adults

104
Q

Hormone replacement therapy in women p increases the risk of what

A

Heart disease and liver damage

105
Q

What causes the excitement one feels when sexually aroused

A

The inflow of blood to tissues in erogenous areas

106
Q

Most Significant concern about sexting

A

It is Child pornography and leaves a. Lasting impression

107
Q

Most surefire way to avoid STDs or unwanted pregnancies

A

Abstinence

108
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

Disturbances in sexual drive, performance, or satisfaction

109
Q

Abstinence

A

Not having sexual intercourse

110
Q

Vaginismus

A

Intense involuntary contractions of the outer third muscle of the Vagina that tighten the vagina’s opening when penetration is attempted.

Very painful

111
Q

What causes erectile dysfunction in men

A

Smooth muscle cells constrict the local arteries and reduce blood flow to the penis to a trickle, preventing a buildup of blood

112
Q

Leading cause of death in the US

A

Cardiovascular disease

113
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Thickening or hardening of the arteries do the fat buildup

114
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Hearts not pumping blood as well as it should, allowing blood and fluids to backup in the lung

115
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Lack of blood to the heart muscles.

Death of heart tissue.

Also known as heart attack

116
Q

Optimal range for blood pressure levels

A

120/80

117
Q

Prediabetes

A

Fasting blood glucose levels are between 101 and 126.

Cells have problems with the uptake of sugar.

118
Q

Type one diabetes

A

Pancreas doesn’t secrete insulin leading to elevated blood sugar

119
Q

Type two diabetes

A

Receptors on their body cells respond poorly to insulin.

Activity is poor.

Elevated blood sugar

120
Q

The most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease

A

Age

121
Q

Leading controllable risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease

A

Tobacco use

122
Q

The diet at the supports optimal cardiovascular health

A

Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, fish, lean meat, and poultry.

Avoiding saturated and trans fat, dietary cholesterol and added sugars

123
Q

Visceral fat is a strong indicator of risk for which type of diabetes

A

Type two

124
Q

Percent that type two diabetes account for all cases of diabetes

A

90 to 95%

125
Q

What percent of type one diabetes account for among all cases of diabetes

A

5%

126
Q

What determines which is a cancer and individual is diagnosed with

A

Type of tissue

127
Q

The significant risk factor for all cancers

A

Age

128
Q

Risk involved with some exposure and the effects it has on different kinds of skin cancer

A

UVA is directly to skin cancer.

Causes skin to GetDarker

129
Q

Diets affect on cancer. Know which types of diets versus his cancer and which reduce the risk of certain cancers

A

Tobacco and alcohol use increase the likelihood of cancer.

Diets rich in fruits vegetables and whole grains decrease the risk of cancer
fibers decrease the risk

high Dosages of beta carotene increased the risk
processed food and cooking at high temperatures increase the risk

130
Q

Leading cause of cancer is attributed to what type of cancer

A

Lung cancer

131
Q

Melanoma. Where it originates and what happens if it’s untreated

A

Is a skin cancer.

Capable of spreading quickly to almost any part of the body.

Develops and pigmented or dark areas of the skin.

Dangerous

132
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer that originates in connective tissues

133
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer that arises out of epithelial tissues

134
Q

Carcinogen

A

Cancer-causing substance or agent in the environment

135
Q

Define and describe risk factors for prostate cancer

A

Age, family history, being black, having a high animal fat/full fat dairy diet

136
Q

Define risk factors for breast cancer

A

Early onset of menarche, late onset of menopause, family history, age, higher socioeconomic class, BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, never having children/having first child after age 30, being obese after menopause, taking hormone replacement therapy, drinking two or more alcoholic drinks a day

137
Q

Recommendations for reducing some exposure.

Recommended sun protective factor that is recommended

A

Stay out of the sun from 10 to 4.
Wear protective clothes, use sunscreen, wear sunglasses.

SPF 15

138
Q

Characteristics of a concern about when evaluating skin for changes in the mole

A

Asymmetry
border irregularity
color variation
diameter

139
Q

Withdrawal symptoms

A

Unpleasant reaction that accompanies the process of ceasing to take an addictive drug

140
Q

Drug overdose

A

When you take too much of the drug and you are at a toxic state or near death

141
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Where you must take more of a drug so that you can still feel the same high you once did

142
Q

Physiological dependence

A

When you have reached the Point in doing drugs that you have a tolerance and will have withdrawal symptoms if you stop the dosage

143
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Where your body is not addicted but your mind is

144
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel

145
Q

Coronary artery bypass

A

Surgical procedure performed to relieve Angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease

146
Q

Coronary catheterization

A

The insertion of catheter into the chamber or vessel of the heart

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