Exercise Physiology Test 3 Flashcards
What is systole?
highest arterial pressure measured after left ventricular contraction
What is diastole?
lowest arterial pressure measured during left ventricular relaxation
what is normal BP
120/80
What is hypertension? number wise
140/90
Why is diastole still important?
It is the number that is constantly putting pressure on your organs
hypertension def
high blood pressure
What does the P-Wave signal?
Location?
First to go
Signals atria contracting (depolorizing)
What is the QRS Complex?
Signals the ventricles depolorizing
What is the T-Wave?
Charging up the ventricles (repolorization)
What is tachycardia?
sympathetic influence
cetecholamine release (norepinephrine/ Epi)
Speeds up heart rate
What is bradychardia?
Slows down heart rate
parasympathetic influence
acetylcholine released
What is VO2 Max in maximal oxygen consumption?
Max Q X Max a-vO2 difference
cardiac output X Maximum oxygen difference in arteries and veins
Def. of arteries
provides the high-pressure tubing that conducts oxygenated blood to the tissues
Def. of capillaries
site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
veins
provides a large systemic blood reservoir and conducts deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What is stroke volume?
amount of blood ejected from Left Ventricle per heart beat
What is ejection fraction?
amount of blood pumped from LV realtive to the total amount of blood received
What is cardiac output?
amount of blood kicked out of body in one minute.
Should be 5L of blood for everyone
HR X SV. SV is most important
What is “athletes heart”?
a slow heart beat due to being in good shape. Heart doesn’t have to work as much because it can push more blood out per beat. Also called “vagal Dominance”
What is maximal oygen consumption?
VO2 Max. Its measuring oxygen difference in arteries and veins times max cardiac output
What is ischemia?
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
Low oxygen
What is the Frank Starling Law of the Heart?
When you increase LV sie, it pushes more blood out. Rubber band effect
an increase in end-diastolic volume stretches myocardial fibers, causing powerful ejection stroke as the heart contracts
What is myoglobin?
Iron-protein compound that is in skeletal and cardiac muscles.
a red protein containing heme that carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.
what is hemoglobin?
a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates.
CO2 as bicarbonate
70% of CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid.
What is partial pressures?
amount of gas concentration in a given volume
how do you calculate partial pressures?
Percentage concentration X total pressure of gas mixture(760)
What is myocardial workload?
how hard your heart has to work to pump blood through body
How is myocardial workload expressed?
RPP=SBP X HR
Beats per minute per mm of Hg
What is ventilatory threshold?
the point at which pulmonary ventilation icreases disproportionately with oxygen uptake during graded exercise
anaerboic threshold
an abrupt increase in Ve/VO2
Caused by nonmetabolic CO2 production due to lactic acid buffering
(Bonk eventually from switching to ATP/PC)
What is tidal volume?
air moved during either the inspiration or expiratory phase of each breathing cycle.
Normal breathing
What is forced vital capacity?
the most amount of air you can inhale and exhale
Total lung capacity?
everything in the lungs. Forced plus residual
Residual Volume
air left over that you can never exhale
ERV
greatest amount of air that can go out of lungs
IRV
greatest amount of air that can come into lungs
Minute ventilation
breathing rate X total volume
Alveolar ventilation
portion of minute ventilation that mixes with the air in the aveolar chambers
Anatomy of breathing
lungs, trachea, mouth/nose, alveoli, bronchis
DIAPHRAGM
What happens during acute exercise?
Sv increases. Reach maximum at about 50% VO2max.
Where does extra blood go to during exercise?
MUSCLESSSSSS
Brain
Skin
