Leadership Test One Flashcards

0
Q

What are the layers of leadership?

A

Administrative
Supervisory
Direct

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1
Q

Leadership def.

A

Exercise of power (in class def.)

Book def.- a dynamic process of influence which occurs in the interactions between two or more members of a group and involves recognition and acceptance of leader-followers roles by group members within a certain situation. Leadership includes activities by the leaders and followers that facilitate meeting group goals.

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2
Q

What are the skills of a leader? And describe them

A

Conceptual- ability to analyze, anticipate, see the big picture, and use sound judgement. Critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity

Interpersonal- involve relationships with people. Understanding group dynamics, facilitating cooperation and trust, and being a good communicator. Resolve conflicts And make people feel valued.

Technical- relate to accomplishing a task. Leading activities. Are readily taught to most leaders to be.

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3
Q

What are leader traits and qualities? and explain them

A

Self-awareness and identity- awareness of attitude, talents, weaknesses, biases, strengths, and predispositions. An understanding of who she is and is not.
courage- does what they think is right, stand up for opinions. Takes risks. Must be considerate
creativity- thinking broadly, willingness to try new ideas and not be afraid to look silly.
drive and determination- are compelled to continue their quest and helpthe group move forward.
focus and commitment- know what they are aiming for and can articulate that to others.
high expectations- expect quality work.
honesty- being upfront and telling the truth in a compassionate manner. Viewed as trustworthy
integrity- doing what is right rather than what is easy. Forms trust. Solid core of values and ethical principles.
positive mental attitude- See the bright side of any situation. Have high energy and know how to use it. Celebrate both successes and failures

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4
Q

What are values of leadership?

A
Achievement Orientatio
benevolence
conformity
hedonism
power
security
self-direction
stimulation
tradition
universalism
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5
Q

Values def.

A

attitudes about the worth of people, concepts, and things.

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6
Q

What is achievement orientation?

A

value that indicates a sense of initiative or taking action and follow-through
Values of personal success, ambition, and intelligence
Helps a leader see a task from start to end.
Staying focused on the task and working to ensure individual’s strengths are being utilized to achieve group goals.

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7
Q

what is benevolence value?

A

leaders tend to be helpful, honest, forgiving, loyal and responsible.
put the needs of others ahead of their own.
primary job is to help others do their jobs well and successfully.

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8
Q

What is conformity value?

A

understanding and agreement with whta is socially acceptable.
being polite, obedient, self-disciplined, and honoring one’s elders

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9
Q

What is Hedonism value?

A

enjoying life and experiencing pleasure

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10
Q

What is power value?

A

authority, wealth, and social recognition or status
using power in appropriate ways to facilitate group development and task accomplishment.
using one’s position to empower others.

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11
Q

What is security value?

A

to make others feel safe- physically, psychologically, and emotionally
includes safety, social order, health, and cleanlines
Maintening relationship building

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12
Q

Waht is self-direction value?

A

displaying ind. thought, freedom, self-discipline, and a sense of personal identity.
leaders know who they are and where they want to go.
good ideas about how to reach goals

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13
Q

What is stimulation value?

A

engage in intellectual, physical, or combination of both activities to enhance traits.
Energize group members

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14
Q

What is tradition value?

A

understanding and respecting the customs, conventions, and mores of a group.

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15
Q

What is universalism value?

A

broad minded, expressing a commitment to social justice and equality, and protecting the environment

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16
Q

What is administrative leadership? and who does it include

A

managerial or executive level
includes agency directors and ADs/ Pres. and VP
Top level of hierarchy
Concerns itself with matters such as budget, org. structure, establishment of a vision and agency philosophy, raising funds, writing grants.
Have responsibilty over whole org. or large department.

Need strong conceptual skills, good technical, excellent interpersonal skills and ability to make sound decisions.

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17
Q

What is supervisory leadership?

A

middle level of leadership.
report to admin. and supervise/guide those in direct leadereship positions as well as other staff members.
Called division head, program director, unit leader, district manager, and director of contract services.
Typically have responsibility for staff members in particular department.
will step into role of direct leader if needed.

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18
Q

What is direct leadership?

A

provide service directly to participants
camp counselor, instructor, rec. therapist, etc.
also called face-to-face leaders
Must have solid knowledge of the activities appropriate to the position.

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19
Q

How are leaders identified?

A
appointment
election
emergence
charisma
halo effect
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20
Q

what is appointment?

A

may occur from admin. level within an agency or group.
group might choose leader or admin. might hire someone.
earn respect through actions and attitudes related to the groups goals.
Not always accepted automatically by followers

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21
Q

What is election?

A

people vote to put person in position
chosen for popularity, financial status, or intimidation tactics.
respect and admiration may be given at first, but must continue to be earned.

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22
Q

What is emergence?

A

leader is not appointed or elected, but instead “rises to the top” on their own.
Often has the respect of the group

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23
Q

What is charisma?

A

personal magnetism or charm
greatly influences followers
arrouses enthusiasm and loyalty from followers
Draw group members to them.

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24
What is the halo effect?
certain attributes or thoughts about a person carry over into other situations. Person is a leader in one group and others look to him to be leader in other groups.
25
Types of power
``` coercive connections/networking empowerment expert power helplessness indirect power informational legitimate referent (charisma) reward social status ```
26
What is coercive power?
followers believe leader has capabilty to punish them and withhold resources. individuals fear that someone will dissaprove or dislike him/her
27
What is connections/ networking power?
indiv. who has varied and strong connections with others in the field ex- people who name drop
28
empowerment Power
power to do- power that is shared with others. power is not seen as finite but rather expansive. Leaders empower people when they teach them skills, provide social support, and give resources to meet group goals. Allowing people to make decisions without asking permission.
29
what is expert power?
person who has special knowledge or expertise about the best way to do something.
30
what is helplessness power?
when someone claims to be infirm or helpless to induce others to do someone to do something for them. not recommended for leaders
31
What is indirect power?
when power is mainly balanced group of members will influence other member of the group who is perceived to be an outlier. Would use group norms to convince other members to join with them
32
What is informational power?
has access to info that can impact another indiv. | Ex- secretary "forgetting" to tell you about a meeting
33
what is legitimate power?
person who is seen as having a right/authority to do something and others are obliged to follow. Usually due to a position they hold.
34
What is referent (charisma) power?
person who others admire, respect, and look up to. | followers want to be associated with them because they pull you in.
35
What is reward power?
converse of coercive power. people think person has capability to reward them. powerful person has control of resources that are perceived as rewards
36
What is social status power?
those with higher levels of social status are perceived to have more power than those with low social status.
37
What are the early theories?
great man trait theories attribution theory behavioral theory
38
How does the Trait Theory define leadership?
as a function of an individual's characteristics or traits.
39
What is the Trait Theory?
Characteristics might consist of superior physical, intellectual, or personality traits that differentiate an individual from other group members.
40
What is the Great Man Theory?
Subcategory of Trait Theory focuses on the greatness of the leader. Leaders were born with specific characteristics that would result in their later emergence as highly effective leaders.
41
Characteristics of great man theory
an individual who is male, perceived as virtuous, magnanimous, industrious, and famous.
42
According to the great man theory, what are some factors that predetermine a leader?
birthing order family background level and type of education overall upbringing
43
How does the attribution theory explain leadership?
through the belief that leadership is attributed to one who looks and acts like a leader.
44
How does the attribute theory work in situations that have a good or bad outcome?
The leader is assumed to be good if the group did well | the leader is assumed to be bad if the group failed.
45
What is the attributes/judgements of a person in the attribute theory based on?
facts, perceptions, feelings, and stereotypes
46
How do the behavioral theories explain leadership?
on the basis of behaviors exhibited by the leader
47
What does the behavioral theories suggest about the leadership of an effective leader?
an effective leader will manifest certain leadership behaviors at a particular time
48
What are some tasks identified by House and Aditya as leadership behaviors?
``` planning organizing directing evaluating communicating vision serving as a role model resolving conflicts maintaining cohesion ```
49
In Yukl's theory of leadership, what are the four primary leader tasks?
Making decisions influencing people building relationships giving-seeking info.
50
What does an autocratic leader do?
directs or orders participants to do various tasks and does not accept input from the group members. Does not reveal reasons behind decision making or actions.
51
What is autocratic/authoritarian leadership?
it is unidirectional
52
How does a group act in an autocratic type of leadership?
group responsibility tends to be low, and people merely do what they are told. Feelings of anger and hostility may increase Act out when leader is gone
53
Is autocractic leadership always bad?
No. | When group needs a quick decision made it is good
54
What is a democratic style of leadership?
leader and the group share in decision making | Mutual respect and trust within leader and followers
55
How does a leader act in a democratic style of leadership?
shares reasoning behind decisions and asks for and receives input from group.
56
How do group members act in democracy and how do they feel?
make decisions based on info. supplied by leader | feel a sense of responsibility within the group
57
When and why would democratic leadership not be good?
if group is underskilled, immature or has little knowledge about the situation it takes more time to make decisions
58
What are the three types of leadership styles?
autocratic democratic laissez-faire
59
what is Laissez-faire leadership style?
absence of leadership | group has complete freedom
60
How does a leader act in a Laissez-faire style?
tends to shy away from group and decision-making responsibility avoids the leadership role and associated tasks provides info and materials when asked
61
How does Laissez-faire affect a group?
leaves them feeling as though group has little or no direction may result in low group morale
62
In what sense can Laissez-faire be positive?
when using it to help a group mature and grow in its decision making ability can empower groups members and strengthen group dynamics
63
What are the two later theories?
situational and contingency theories
64
What is the situational theory?
takes into account the leader, the followers, and the situation and explain leadership as emerging based on the situation a person emerges as the leader when a certain situation arises that draws her or him out.
65
How does the leader select a leadership style in situational theory?
leader would select a leadership style based on her own preferences, group maturity, and demands of the task
66
What is the contingency theory?
an indiv. style of leadership and the response of the group she was leading style is contingent upon the situation and the relationship between leader and group.
67
What are the three elements that help explain the contingency theory?
relationship bewteen leader and group task structure power of the leader
68
What are the types of leadership according to likert system of management and explain
Exploitive Autocratic- you will do this. Leader makes all decisions Benevolent Autocratic- do it please. leader makes decisions for the best of the group Consultive- how would you like to do it? leader still makes decisions. Allows group input. some level of trust Participative- what do you think we should do? leader trusts group. allows group to be involved in decision making
69
What are the three types of contemporary views of leadership?
transactional transformational servant leadership
70
What is transactional leadership and what is the outcome?
an exchange betwen leader and followers. | If followers will acknowledge and validate leader, leader will give followers recognition and status for their efforts.'
71
What is the outcome of transactional leadership?
followers are dissatisfied
72
what do transactional leaders focus on?
rules policies procedures rely on power, position, and formal authority
73
What are the three basic components of transactional leadership and explain
contigent reward- leader's ability and power to give reward or punishments for efforts of followers management by execption (active)- leader actively watches for deviations from rules and standards. tries to catch people doing something wrong passive- leader only steps in if standards are not being met and then takes corrective action