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Exercise Physiology Final Flashcards

1
Q

VO2 Max Def.

A

describes the highest oxygen uptake achieved despite increases in exercise intensity

Total amount of oxygen used in exercise- delivered to muscles and utilized for energy purposes

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2
Q

What does a VO2 Max indicate?

A

an individuals capacity to aerobicall resynthese ATP

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3
Q

What is relationship between oxygen uptake and exercise intensity during climb up first several hills?

A

relates linearly and in direct proportion

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4
Q

Which is the only energy system used when exercising about VO2 Max?

A

anaerboic glycolysis (ATP PC)

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5
Q

What are the factors that affect VO2 Max

A

exercise mode and persons training state, heredity, gender, body comp, and age

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6
Q

Why is fat RQ .7 instead of 1?

A

Because beta oxidation is skipped during glycolysis

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7
Q

What is the RQ for carb, lipid, protein?

A

1
.7
.82

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8
Q

RQ measured during max exercise is BLANK than resting exercise

A

greater than

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9
Q

Which of following activities would it be hardest to measure energy expenditure?

A

full court basketball game

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10
Q

The winggate test measures:

A

both ATP PC and glycolytic

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11
Q

Two types of calorimetry

A

open

closed

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12
Q

heart rate in relation to VO2 Max is………

A

10% higher

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13
Q

RER= 1.5 during treadmill test. this means subject is:

A

at max capacity

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14
Q

For cycle ergometer, how is it calc

A

flywheel X resistance X rpm

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15
Q

Question about economy of running:

A

Children are less economical

Trained runners are more economical than untrained runners

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16
Q

Oxygen content of exhaled air measured during open circuit spirometry is BLANK than ambient air

A

Less than

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17
Q

What is the criteria for VO2 Max?

A

there is a leveling off in oxygen consumption with increasing exercise intensity

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18
Q

which activity uses ATP and glycolytic system

A

800m run

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19
Q

How do you find calories

For 100kg person

A

3.5X body weight in kg.
divide by 1000
mult. by 5

1.75cal.

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20
Q

BMR is about BLANK in women than in men

A

5-10% lower

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21
Q

Lactate threshold Question

A

can increase up to about 90% of VO2
is always below VO2 Max
increases with HIIT training

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22
Q

Individuals training short term……(such as HIIT Training)

A

higher levels of muscle blood lactate
greater glycogen depletion
enhanced capacity to generate energy from anaerobic sources

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23
Q

Physical activity accounts for BLANK of a persons Total Daily Energy Expenditure

A

15-30%

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24
Q

oxygen consumption measurement

A

ml per kg per body weight per minute

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25
Q

100kg person is walking at 3 mets, how many calories are they burning?

A

100kgX 3.5
divided by 1000
times 5
this gets calories

Next mult. cal (1.75) times mets (3)
equals 5.25cal per minute

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26
Q

Difference between VO2 max in males and females

A

females are 1-10% lower

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27
Q

Energy system that measure lactate threshold?

A

occurs at end of glycolysis

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28
Q

Average Met value for college aged male

A

6.5 METS

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29
Q

Left side of heart sends out blood to: Systemic or pulmonary

A

Systemic circulation

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30
Q

blood is pumped from Left ventricle to the :

A

Aorta

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31
Q

BP is a product of:

A

cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

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32
Q

The QRS complex of ECG represents:

A

Ventricle depolarization

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33
Q

Hypertension is (number wise)

A

140/90

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34
Q

T wave is:

A

ventricular repolarization

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35
Q

p wave is:

A

atrial depolorization

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36
Q

Diastolic pressure during exercise Q:

A

should increase no more than 5mm

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37
Q

During bouts of exercise, what happens to heart rate?

A

Increases

38
Q

Tachycardia is:

A

greater than 100 heart beats

39
Q

what is an electrocardiagram?

A

spillage of electrical signals only

40
Q

Cardiac output is:

A

Stroke volume and heart rate

41
Q

Resting amount of blood out is how many liters

A

5L

42
Q

cardiac output and max cardiac relationship

A

direct and linear relationship

43
Q

Highest oxygen consumption q

A

VO2Max

44
Q

Decrease in stroke volume is

A

ischemia

45
Q

which protocol determines true VO2 max in America

A

Treadmill

Unless you have someone who bikes tons

46
Q

What is the frank starling law?

A

more myocardial stretches, more forceful it contracts

47
Q

iron containing molecular protein pigment found in RBC i:

A

hemoglobin

48
Q

iron containing molecular protein pigment found in muscle is:

A

myoglobin

49
Q

term that talks about oxygen between atrial and mixed blood is

A

avo2 difference

50
Q

what is HR X SV X Avo2 difference

A

max aerobic capacity

51
Q

what is product of concentration of gas X total pressure of gas

A

partial pressure

52
Q

What provides a convenient estimate of myocardial workload?

A

RPP
Rate, pressure, product
HRX

53
Q

What is minute ventilation

A

tidal volume X breathing rate

54
Q

carbon dioxide is carried mostly:

A

because acidity of carbon dioxide is mixed with water to form carbonic acid in blood

55
Q

Large breathing muscle

A

diaphragm

56
Q

the point at which pulmonary ventilation is increased is:

A

ventilatory threshold

57
Q

During exercise, you cannot change amount of blood that is going to:

A

heart and brain

58
Q

after exercise, BLANK remains BLANK for up to 12 hours

A

BP

Lower

59
Q

residual volume is:

A

amount of air left in lungs after air has been exhaled out of lung

60
Q

During Bohr effect shifts curve:

A

down and to the right

61
Q

What is forced exhalation against a closed glottis?

A

Vasalva Movement

62
Q

The Bohr effect is:

A

a shift of oxygen in a dissociation cure

63
Q

Carbonic acid is:

A

acidic, carbonic acid, buffered by sodium bicarbonate

64
Q

How do you measure partial pressure of oxygen?

A

Percentage concentration X total pressure of gas mixture(760)
Oxygen is 20.93 X 760—–> divide by 1000=159

65
Q

Digestive efficiency between protein, lipids, and fats

A

97% for carbs are digested
95% for lipids
92% for protein

66
Q

Glycolysis input

A

Carbohydrates
Triglycerides
Proteins (rarely)
2 ATP

67
Q

General ouput of glycolysis

A

2 net ATP
Pyruvate
Lactate
Hydrogen

68
Q

Pulmonary ventilation definition

A

describes how ambient atmospheric air move into and exchanges with air in the lungs

69
Q

Met Def.

A

an adult’s average seated resting oxygen consumption or energy exenditure

70
Q

How do you express absolute vo2?

A

L of O2 per min.

71
Q

Which energy system makes the most ATP?

A

Electron Transport Chain

72
Q

Byproducts of TWO spins in Krebs Cycle

A

2 ATP
4 CO2
-6 H2O

73
Q

What enzyme begins the krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA

74
Q

Average Vo2 Max for college-aged males and females

A

Males: 44mL of O2 of kg per min.

Females: 38mL of O2 of kg per min.

75
Q

Average Lactate Threshold for college-aged males and females

A

Males: 24.2

Females: 20.9

76
Q

How do you find Lactate threshold?

A

VO2 max X .55

77
Q

How do you find VO2 Max in athlete

A

You HAVE to test it!

78
Q

What is the function of the Kreb’s Cycle?

A

Water hammer

To make hydrogen so that taxi cabs can take it to the electron transport chain and make ATP

79
Q

Steady State Exercise

A

Balance in oxygen and lactate and fuels etc
Blood lactate doesn’t accumulate
Exercise can continue in this state forever

80
Q

Oxygen Defecit between trained and untrained individuals

A

At light to moderate exercise- similar values

Trained individual achieves steady-rate quicker, thus making them have a smaller oxygen deficit

81
Q

How many ATP can free fatty acids make?

A

147

82
Q

How many ATP can one glycerol make?

A

460 ATP??

83
Q

Purpose of Free fatty acids

A

FFAs undergo beta oxidation so that two carbons can begin to spend Krebs cycle

84
Q

How many carbons are in one FFA?

A

18- carbon chain

85
Q

How is fat stored?

A

As a triglyceride

86
Q

What are the four ways glucose is used in the body?

A

Directly by the cell for energy
Stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver
Converted to fats for energy storage
Provide carbon skeletons to synthesize non essential amino acids

87
Q

How does age affect VO2 Max?

A

after age 35, VO2 max declines at a nonlinear rate
It accelerates after age 45
by age 60, it averages to be 11% below values for 35-year old males and 15% lower for women

88
Q

How much energy does one FFA make?

A

441 ATP??

89
Q

how many calories are used when you oxidize one liter of oxygen?

A

4.7 kcal??

90
Q

What is the EPOC graph showing?

A

More fit- Less oxygen you have to pay back

Less fit- takes longer and you have more oxygen to pay back

91
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

If temperature reamins constant, the quantity of a gas dissolved in a liquid varies in direct proportional to its partial pressure

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