Exercise Physiology Final Flashcards
VO2 Max Def.
describes the highest oxygen uptake achieved despite increases in exercise intensity
Total amount of oxygen used in exercise- delivered to muscles and utilized for energy purposes
What does a VO2 Max indicate?
an individuals capacity to aerobicall resynthese ATP
What is relationship between oxygen uptake and exercise intensity during climb up first several hills?
relates linearly and in direct proportion
Which is the only energy system used when exercising about VO2 Max?
anaerboic glycolysis (ATP PC)
What are the factors that affect VO2 Max
exercise mode and persons training state, heredity, gender, body comp, and age
Why is fat RQ .7 instead of 1?
Because beta oxidation is skipped during glycolysis
What is the RQ for carb, lipid, protein?
1
.7
.82
RQ measured during max exercise is BLANK than resting exercise
greater than
Which of following activities would it be hardest to measure energy expenditure?
full court basketball game
The winggate test measures:
both ATP PC and glycolytic
Two types of calorimetry
open
closed
heart rate in relation to VO2 Max is………
10% higher
RER= 1.5 during treadmill test. this means subject is:
at max capacity
For cycle ergometer, how is it calc
flywheel X resistance X rpm
Question about economy of running:
Children are less economical
Trained runners are more economical than untrained runners
Oxygen content of exhaled air measured during open circuit spirometry is BLANK than ambient air
Less than
What is the criteria for VO2 Max?
there is a leveling off in oxygen consumption with increasing exercise intensity
which activity uses ATP and glycolytic system
800m run
How do you find calories
For 100kg person
3.5X body weight in kg.
divide by 1000
mult. by 5
1.75cal.
BMR is about BLANK in women than in men
5-10% lower
Lactate threshold Question
can increase up to about 90% of VO2
is always below VO2 Max
increases with HIIT training
Individuals training short term……(such as HIIT Training)
higher levels of muscle blood lactate
greater glycogen depletion
enhanced capacity to generate energy from anaerobic sources
Physical activity accounts for BLANK of a persons Total Daily Energy Expenditure
15-30%
oxygen consumption measurement
ml per kg per body weight per minute
100kg person is walking at 3 mets, how many calories are they burning?
100kgX 3.5
divided by 1000
times 5
this gets calories
Next mult. cal (1.75) times mets (3)
equals 5.25cal per minute
Difference between VO2 max in males and females
females are 1-10% lower
Energy system that measure lactate threshold?
occurs at end of glycolysis
Average Met value for college aged male
6.5 METS
Left side of heart sends out blood to: Systemic or pulmonary
Systemic circulation
blood is pumped from Left ventricle to the :
Aorta
BP is a product of:
cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
The QRS complex of ECG represents:
Ventricle depolarization
Hypertension is (number wise)
140/90
T wave is:
ventricular repolarization
p wave is:
atrial depolorization
Diastolic pressure during exercise Q:
should increase no more than 5mm
During bouts of exercise, what happens to heart rate?
Increases
Tachycardia is:
greater than 100 heart beats
what is an electrocardiagram?
spillage of electrical signals only
Cardiac output is:
Stroke volume and heart rate
Resting amount of blood out is how many liters
5L
cardiac output and max cardiac relationship
direct and linear relationship
Highest oxygen consumption q
VO2Max
Decrease in stroke volume is
ischemia
which protocol determines true VO2 max in America
Treadmill
Unless you have someone who bikes tons
What is the frank starling law?
more myocardial stretches, more forceful it contracts
iron containing molecular protein pigment found in RBC i:
hemoglobin
iron containing molecular protein pigment found in muscle is:
myoglobin
term that talks about oxygen between atrial and mixed blood is
avo2 difference
what is HR X SV X Avo2 difference
max aerobic capacity
what is product of concentration of gas X total pressure of gas
partial pressure
What provides a convenient estimate of myocardial workload?
RPP
Rate, pressure, product
HRX
What is minute ventilation
tidal volume X breathing rate
carbon dioxide is carried mostly:
because acidity of carbon dioxide is mixed with water to form carbonic acid in blood
Large breathing muscle
diaphragm
the point at which pulmonary ventilation is increased is:
ventilatory threshold
During exercise, you cannot change amount of blood that is going to:
heart and brain
after exercise, BLANK remains BLANK for up to 12 hours
BP
Lower
residual volume is:
amount of air left in lungs after air has been exhaled out of lung
During Bohr effect shifts curve:
down and to the right
What is forced exhalation against a closed glottis?
Vasalva Movement
The Bohr effect is:
a shift of oxygen in a dissociation cure
Carbonic acid is:
acidic, carbonic acid, buffered by sodium bicarbonate
How do you measure partial pressure of oxygen?
Percentage concentration X total pressure of gas mixture(760)
Oxygen is 20.93 X 760—–> divide by 1000=159
Digestive efficiency between protein, lipids, and fats
97% for carbs are digested
95% for lipids
92% for protein
Glycolysis input
Carbohydrates
Triglycerides
Proteins (rarely)
2 ATP
General ouput of glycolysis
2 net ATP
Pyruvate
Lactate
Hydrogen
Pulmonary ventilation definition
describes how ambient atmospheric air move into and exchanges with air in the lungs
Met Def.
an adult’s average seated resting oxygen consumption or energy exenditure
How do you express absolute vo2?
L of O2 per min.
Which energy system makes the most ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
Byproducts of TWO spins in Krebs Cycle
2 ATP
4 CO2
-6 H2O
What enzyme begins the krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA
Average Vo2 Max for college-aged males and females
Males: 44mL of O2 of kg per min.
Females: 38mL of O2 of kg per min.
Average Lactate Threshold for college-aged males and females
Males: 24.2
Females: 20.9
How do you find Lactate threshold?
VO2 max X .55
How do you find VO2 Max in athlete
You HAVE to test it!
What is the function of the Kreb’s Cycle?
Water hammer
To make hydrogen so that taxi cabs can take it to the electron transport chain and make ATP
Steady State Exercise
Balance in oxygen and lactate and fuels etc
Blood lactate doesn’t accumulate
Exercise can continue in this state forever
Oxygen Defecit between trained and untrained individuals
At light to moderate exercise- similar values
Trained individual achieves steady-rate quicker, thus making them have a smaller oxygen deficit
How many ATP can free fatty acids make?
147
How many ATP can one glycerol make?
460 ATP??
Purpose of Free fatty acids
FFAs undergo beta oxidation so that two carbons can begin to spend Krebs cycle
How many carbons are in one FFA?
18- carbon chain
How is fat stored?
As a triglyceride
What are the four ways glucose is used in the body?
Directly by the cell for energy
Stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver
Converted to fats for energy storage
Provide carbon skeletons to synthesize non essential amino acids
How does age affect VO2 Max?
after age 35, VO2 max declines at a nonlinear rate
It accelerates after age 45
by age 60, it averages to be 11% below values for 35-year old males and 15% lower for women
How much energy does one FFA make?
441 ATP??
how many calories are used when you oxidize one liter of oxygen?
4.7 kcal??
What is the EPOC graph showing?
More fit- Less oxygen you have to pay back
Less fit- takes longer and you have more oxygen to pay back
What is Henry’s law?
If temperature reamins constant, the quantity of a gas dissolved in a liquid varies in direct proportional to its partial pressure
