kines. test 1 Flashcards
Physical activity versus movement
Physical activity is intentional voluntary movement directed toward achieving an identifiable Goal.
Movement is any change in the position of your body
Three ways people learn kinesiology
- watching or performing
- Though systematic scholarly study
- through professional practice
Developmental skills vs. skilled movements
Developmental skills are skilled movements that are not usually associated with sport. Skipping, hopping
Skilled movements are seen in performance in which accuracy of direction, force and rhythm of timing is essential
Holism
Interdependence of mind, emotions, body, and spirit
Spheres of physical activity experience
Self-sufficiency, self-expression, work, education, leisure, health, and competition
Sphere of self-sufficiency
Task that are critical to your ability to live independently.
ADLS, IADLS
Activities of daily living
Personal behaviors
grooming, getting dressed, going to the bathroom
Instrumental activities of daily living
More physically demanding, less personal activities
Shopping, cooking, doing laundry
Sphere of self-expression
Gestures are the movements of our hands, fingers, and other body parts used to communicate
Three types of intentional gestures
Emblems, illustrators, regulators
Emblems
Communicate words
Used in places where you cannot hear like sports places, scuba diving, referees
Illustrators
Complement words
Pointing to yourself, describing motions of objects
Regulators
Guide The flow of the conversation
Shaking hands, waving, nodding
Sphere of work
Every job uses physical activity
Workers are at increased risk for disease associated with reduced physical activity
Ergonomists
Ergonomist
People who specialize improving the efficiency, safety, and well-being of workers
The sphere of education
It is essential to preserve cultural tradition and provide knowledge and skills that enable society to progress
You use Eye movements to read, wrist movements to write
Media is starting to evolve our education
The sphere of leisure
A feeling that all is well in the world
A state of mind and a state of well-being
Leisure versus free time
Leisure- more of a state of mind
Free time – when we disengage from every day life and carve out time to do what we want
The sphere of health
Physical activity can contribute to good health
Doing more physical activity is not always best
Injuries at a young age can affect you in older years
The sphere of competition
Side-by-side, face-to-face noncontact, face-to-face contact, and personal
Side-by-side competition
There is no direct interaction between competitors. Example golf, swimming, bowling
Face-to-face noncontact competition
Competitors interact by trying to maximize their own chances and decrease chances of opponent winning
Example volleyball, tennis
Face-to-face contact
Players thwart efforts of his opponent by direct physical manipulation
Example football, soccer, basketball
Impersonal competition
Contestants compete against record set by themselves or others
Running, hiking
5 Stages of internalization of an activity you enjoy
Aware, enjoy, make time, value system, internalize
Learning versus conditioning
Learning – development of a skill through practice
Conditioning – improvement in physical performance capacity through training
Open versus closed skills
Closed skills – environment predictable, movement is consistent from trial to trial, coordinating movement with a changing environment is unnecessary, anticipation of external events is not necessary
Open skills – environment unpredictable, movements very from trial to trial, coordinating movement with changing environment is essential, anticipation of external events is essential
Motor skills
Activities that place a premium on efficient coordinated motor response
Skill
Efficiency and accuracy with which an individual is able to attain a goal of a motor skill
Practice
Process of gaining more and more control over your motor system by gradually refining the nerve and muscle systems through performance
Deliberate effort to get it right by modifying the erroneous movements
Learning
Result of rewiring of neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord
Physical performance capacity
Improving Strength and flexibility, and developing the capacity to exert greater force.
Conditioning
Changes brought about by training
Practice
Affects memory, cognition, perception, and other CNS processes associated with problem solving
If skill is the primary quality it’s practice
Training
Produces effects that are largely peripheral to the CNS usually on muscle,bone,soft tissue, and cardio respiratory system.
If physical performance capacity is the most important quality then it’s training
Physical fitness
Overall capacity to perform adls
Pa as a social experience
Team or group exercises
Pa for health and fitness
Contribution to health and fitness
Pa as the pursuit of vertigo
Adrenaline junkie. Risk or thrill associated with activity
Pa as an aesthetic experience
Self expression. Dance or art
Pa as a cathartic experience
Purging or venting of pent up hostilities through watching or playing an aggressive sport
Pa as an ascetic experience
Undergoing pain, sacrifice, or self denial and to delay gratification
