Exercise Physiology: Test 2 Flashcards
RQ for burning carbohydrates
1.00
When is fat burned during RQ?
16CO2 / 23O2= .7
When you’re untrained and under lactate threshold
When you need more oxygen than you the carbon dioxide you are using
RQ for burning fats
.7
RQ for burning proteins
.82
What happens to RQ during maximal exercise? Why?
Exceeds 1.0 during heavy exercise due to buffering of lactic acid which produces CO2
What are some anaerobic tests and the energy systems they are in?
Jumping power test, sprint running or cycling, rowing, skiing, stair climbing - ATP/PC
Cycle ergometer test, weight lifting- repetitive, (Max work for up to 3 min)- glycolysis
All out sprints from 200-800m
Direct calorimetry- what does it asses?
Assesses human energy metabolism, by measuring heat production.
Indirect calorimetry- how is it measured
By measuring a persons oxygen uptake, researchers can obtain an indirect, yet accurate, estimate of energy expenditure
Two types of indirect calorimetry
Closed circuit
Open circuit spirometry
Closed circuit spirometry- how does it work
Subject breathes 100% oxygen from a prefilled container with no outside air coming in.
A drum attached to the spirometer records the dif. Between the initial and final volume of oxygen.
When is closed circuit spirometry used and not used
Used- hospitals and research laboratories
Not used- during exercise when subject movement occurs with large volumes of air exchange
Open circuit spirometry- how it works
Subject inhales air that has a composition of 20.93% oxygen, .03% carbon dioxide, and 79.04% nitrogen.
Analysis of two factors measures oxygen uptake:
Volume of air breathed during specified time period
Composition of exhaled air
Three types of open circuit spirometry used
Bag technique
Portable spirometry
Computerized instrumentation
What is the relationship between VO2 Max and heart rate?
Attainment of Max heart rate indicates subject is close to Max intensity (vo2 peak criterion)
Higher the heart rate, more oxygen is needed which limits vo2
Relate linearly. Should go up in parallel
Heart rate can provide an indirect est. of vo2
What happens to the RER at maximal exercise?
It goes above 1.00 to about 1.15, which means the subject is near exhaustion because buffering adds extra co2 to expired air
How do you find cycle ergometry workload?
Resistance X RPM- revolutions per minute X 6 (constant) ( m traveled per pedal revolution)
Economy of children running vs adults
Children require 20-30% more oxygen per unit of body mass to run at a given speed than adults because they are not very economical
What are you looking for in a VO2 Max test?
A leveling off or peaking over in oxygen uptake during increasing exercise intensity
3 metabolic and physiological responses for establishing vo2 Max
Failure for oxygen uptake vs exercise intensity
Blood lactate levels that attain at least 70 or 80 my per 100mL of blood
Attainment of Max heart rate
What is everyone’s resting VO2?
3.5
What is basal metabolic rate?
Minimum energy requirement that sustains the body’s functions in a waking state.
Difference in BMR in females and males
Females have 5-10% lower BMR than males because we have larger percentage of body fat and smaller muscle mass
How much of the total daily energy expenditure does exercise account for?
15-30%
What are some factors that affect total daily energy expenditure?
Physical activity
Dietary induced thermogenesis
Climate
Pregnancy
What is relative vo2?
It is mL of O2 per kg per minute
Why do vo2 Max differ between sports?
Because different sports require different muscle masses.
And because of the specificity of sports
Performance test must be similar to the activity or sport
Differences between male and female vo2 Max
Women typically have 15-30% lower than males.
Trained- women are still 10-20%
This is because of differences in body composition and the bloods hemoglobin concentration. And men have more testosterone.
