Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

All classes > Anatomy Test 4: Nervous System > Flashcards

Anatomy Test 4: Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

contains many neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Nervous system’s functions

A

sensation- internal and external
Integration- interpretation and response to sensation
Motor control- responses via muscular control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in the CNS?

A

Sensory information is interpreted, thoughts and emotions are produced, initiate motor impulses to control muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

Nerves between CNS and receptors/factors. Emerge from the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two cell types of nervous tissues?

A

Neurons- nerve cells

Neuroglia- support and protect (glial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which do you have more of: glial cells or neurons?

A

Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star shaped glial cells.
Wrap around neurons
Insulation and isolation from other neurons and fluids in which they are Immersed.
Form a protective shield – blood brain barrier
Provide scaffolding- Physical support, repair, maintenance, and growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Provide the myelin sheathing (insulation) for CNS neurons.
Wrap around the axons of neurons.
Improve speed and action potential, or nerve impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you myelinated axon’s make up?

A

White Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you unmyelinated areas make up?

A

Gray matter area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Spaces between wrappings that are not sheathed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Ciliated glial cells lining the ventricles of the brain.

They assist in creating and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schwan cells

A

Wrap themselves completely around the axons.

Similar in function to oligodendrocytes in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the sensory neuron’s

A

A.k.a. afferent.
Somatic
Visceral

Aka efferent
motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Somatic neurons

A

From the outer body, mostly skin senses and body positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visceral neurons

A

From internal organs.

Information about internal visceral conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor neurons

A

Efferent.

Carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do visceral effectors include?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

All under unconscious control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Do interneurons belong to the CNS or PNS?

A

The CNS only.

Connect sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Major regions and landmarks of the brain

A 
Telencephalon, 
diencephalon, 
mesencephalon, 
metencephalon, 
Myelencephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum

Conscious thought,
memory,
skeletal muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest region of the brain.
Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum.
Conscious thought and all intellectual processes. Processing of somatic sensory and motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Hey thin blanket of gray matter folded into gyri and sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gyri

Sulci

A

G- wrinkles

S- depressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Association fibers

A

Only connects nerve cells within one hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Transmits information from left to right hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Projection fibers

A

Link cerebrum with other regions of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

28
Q

Epithalamus

A

pineal gland
internal clock of day-night cycles.
Reproductive function

29
Q

Thalamus

A

acts as a relay station for ascending sensory information

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
small but very important 
Integrates the ANS with the CNS
Involuntary somatic motor activities
control of automatic functions
coordination of activities of nervous and endocrine system
secretion of hormones
production of emotions and behavioral drives (thirst, hunger, sex)
Regulation of body temperature
31
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain
Visual and Auditory
Maintenance of consciousness

32
Q

Metencephalon

A

cerebellum and pons

Balance and coordination

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

2nd largest brain region
adjusting the postural muscles
programming and fine-tuning voluntary and involuntary movement

34
Q

Pons

A

Bridge between the cerebellar hemispheres and mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord

Relays sensory information to thalamus
autonomic centers for regulation of visceral functions

35
Q

Myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

36
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

relays sensory information to the thalamus

autonomic centers for regulation of visceral functions

37
Q

what are Ventricles of the brain?

A

Hollow areas within the brain

continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

38
Q

What produces cerebrospinal fluid and where?

A

specialized structures choroid plexus,

within the ventricles of the brain

39
Q

What does Choroid plexus mean?

A

Choroid- vascular

Plexus- braid, network

40
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A

cranial bones

41
Q

What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord and what do their names mean?

A

Dura mater- tough mother
arachnoid- spider like
pia mater- gentle mother

42
Q

What do the connective tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord do?

A

hold blood vessels nerves, and CSF

43
Q

Dura mater has how many layers?

A

two

44
Q

Where is the endosteal layer located?

A

It is fused to the periosteum of the cranial cavity (layer on the inside of the skull on the cadaver)

45
Q

Meningeal layer

A

Has blood above it

46
Q

What does the CSF do?

A

Suspend and cushion the brain

Transports nutrients

47
Q

What happens to CSF if reabsorption is inadequate?

A

It will accumulate the damage brain tissue by compression (hemorrhage)

48
Q

What happens if fluid accumulates before closure of fontanelles in babies?

A

cranium will be greatly enlarged (hydrocephalus)

49
Q

Are cranial nerves a component of the CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

50
Q

Where do cranial nerves originate?

A

originate in and connect to the brain rather than the spinal cord

51
Q

List the Cranial Nerves

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
52
Q

What does the Spinal cord contain?

A

all ascending and descending tracts of CNS

53
Q

What are the expanded areas on the spinal cord called?

A

Enlargements

54
Q

what is the Cauda Equina?

A

hair-like structures

55
Q

where are enlargements of the spinal cord found?

A

where grey matter of cord is expanded to incorporate more sensory input for innervation of limbs

Cervical, brachial, and lumbar enlargements

cervical is the largest

56
Q

Where are cell bodies of the sensory neurons located?

A

In the dorsal root ganglia

57
Q

Where are cell bodies of motor neurons found in?

A

ventral horns of the gray matter

58
Q

What does each segment of the spinal cord have?

A

An associated pair of dorsal roots and a pair of ventral roots

59
Q

What do each pair of the dorsal and ventral roots do?

A

join together to leave the intervertebral foramen as a spinal nerve

60
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

a mixed nerve, containing fibers from both dorsal and ventral roots

61
Q

What does a peripheral nerve consist of?

A

an outer epineurium enclosing a variable number of fascicles

62
Q

What is a nuclei?

A

masses of non myelinated cell bodies, neuroglia, and dendrites

63
Q

Where are nuclei located?

A

inside the spinal cord

64
Q

What are nuclei organized into?

A

Points called gray horns

Anterior lateral, and posterior horns

65
Q

What is the organization of white matter?

A

Very very organized into columns

66
Q

Do neural reflexes require the brain?

A

NO

67
Q

List the steps of a reflex

A
  1. arrival of stimulus; activation of a receptor
  2. Sensory neuron activated and impulse taken to spinal cord
  3. Processing the information
  4. processing activates the motor neuron
  5. Causes response of peripheral effector organ

All classes (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions