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exercise physiology test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is a product of glycolysis?

A

2 net ATP
Pyruvate
Lactate
Hydrogen

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1
Q

What fuels are coming in to begin glycolysis?

A

Carbohydrates
Triglycerides
Proteins (rarely)

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2
Q

What happens to lactate?

A

Converted to pyruvate for an energy source
Can be converted back to glucose in the Cori cycle
Forms other amino acids
Can be shuttled to brain and heart as energy source

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3
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A

Serves as a relative indicator of carbohydrates ability to raise blood glucose levels.

Scale 0-100
100 being foods that cause the most rapid rise in blood sugar

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4
Q

What is glycemic load?

A

Represents the amount of available carbohydrate in a single serving

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5
Q

What is the byproduct of the Krebs cycle for 1 spin

A

1 ATP
2 CO2
-3 H2O

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6
Q

What is the by product of 2 spins of the Krebs cycle?

A

2 ATP
4 CO2
-6 H2O

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7
Q

What takes place at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

Takes hydrogen and strips electrons off to make ATP
Very end: produces 12 H2O
6 Oxygen must be present to make this happen (aerobic)
NAD and FAD become taxi cabs for hydrogen ions to make ATP

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8
Q

How does the electron transport chain need oxygen?

A

Need 6 O2 to make 12 H2O

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9
Q

What are the four ways glucose is used?

A

Directly by the cell for energy
Stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver
Converted to fats for energy storage
Provide carbon skeletons to synthesize non essential amino acids

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10
Q

What is the VO2 and lactate threshold for an average, untrained male college-aged student?

A

VO2: 44mL of O2 of kg per min.

Lactate threshold: 24.2

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11
Q

What is the VO2 and lactate threshold for an average, untrained female college-aged student?

A

VO2: 38mL of O2 of kg per min.

Lactate threshold: 20.9

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12
Q

How do you find lactate threshold?

A

VO2 max X .55

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13
Q

How do you find VO2 max of trained person?

A

Must test it!

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14
Q

What is the def. of lactate threshold?

A

Exercise intensity at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood stream

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15
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

Total amount of oxygen used in exercise- delivered to muscles and utilized for energy purposes

Depends on fuels and training

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16
Q

Glucogenesis what it is and when it happens

A

glucose to glycogen

This happens during recovery. You are taking glucose from the blood stream and store it as glycogen

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17
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

non-carbo source to glucose
Taking muscle and breaking it down to form glucose
Creation of glucose in the liver from noncarbohydrate sources

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18
Q

Glucogenolysis: what it is, how it works, and when it works

A

happens during exercising
You take he glycogen that you have and push it into the blood stream.
Process by which stored glycogen is broken down to provide glucose.

19
Q

Glycolysis: what is it

A

Energy pathway responsible for the initial catabolism of glucose in a 10/11 step process that begins with glucose or glycogen and ends with the production of pyruvate or lactate.

20
Q

How does protein dehydrate you?

A

Protein breaks into amino acids, which are put together in a long chain, and Body has to process this by the liver.
Liver breaks down amino acids into ammonia
Liver recaptures ammonia and spits it back out as urea.
Need water to package around urea so that it doesn’t come out as a crystal, instead, it comes out as a liquid

21
Q

Where does energy production mainly come from for energy systems?

A

Electron transport chain

22
Q

Deamination: what it is and when it happen and where

A

Removal of nitrogen from amino acids
Occurs in liver and muscles
Occurs when you break down protein

23
Q

How much energy does one free fatty acid yield?

A

460 ATP

24
Q

Enzyme in lipolysis

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

25
Q

Enzyme in glycolysis and function

A

PFK
Phosphofructo kinase
Rate limiting enzyme. Most important step of glycolysis

26
Q

Enzymes in glycolysis and function (lactate)

A

LDH

Converts lactate back to pyruvate to start the Krebs cycle

27
Q

What is lipolysis

A

The breakdown of fats

28
Q

What is the real function of the Krebs cycle?

A

Water hammer

To make hydrogen so that taxi cabs can take it to the electron transport chain and make ATP

29
Q

NAD function

A

Plays a key role in energy metabolism by accepting and donating electrons

30
Q

Ideal pre-competition meal

A

Contain 150-300g of carbs

Be consumed 3-4 hours before exercise

8-16 ounces of water room temp.

31
Q

Carbs during exercise

A

Consume about 60g of carbs each hour during exercise

32
Q

Post exercise carbs

A

Carb-rich foods

High on the glycemic index- consume 50-75g every 2 hrs for a total of 500g

33
Q

How is fat stored?

A

As a triglyceride

34
Q

How many ATP can free fatty acids make?

A

147

35
Q

How many ATP can one glycerol make?

A

460 ATP

36
Q

Free fatty acids

A

FFAs undergo beta oxidation so that two carbons can begin to spend Krebs cycle

37
Q

How many carbons are in one FFA

A

18- carbon chain

38
Q

What stimulates lipolysis

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon
Growth hormone

39
Q

What are we trying to buffer in exercise

A

Acid

40
Q

Buffer def.

A

Reactions that minimize changes in H-

41
Q

What happens if buffers fail?

A

Coma or death occurs

42
Q

What kind of buffers are there?

A

Chemical buffers- in blood
Ventilatory buffers-
Renal buffers

43
Q

Steady state exercise

A

Balance in oxygen and lactate and fuels etc
Blood lactate doesn’t accumulate
Exercise can continue in this state forever

44
Q

Epoch graph

A

More fit- Less oxygen you have to pay back

Less fit- takes longer and you have more oxygen to pay back

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